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Monitor Lizard Care, Natural History and Behavior – An Overview

[…]diet comprised of roaches, crickets, butterworms, hornworms, super mealworms, wild-caught insects and other invertebrates; pink mice can be offered 1-2 times weekly. Canned snails and grasshoppers, and hard-boiled eggs, can be used to provide variety. Nile Monitors and similar species fare well on mice and rats alone; whole freshwater fishes […]
Read more » Monitor Lizard Care, Natural History and Behavior – An Overview

African Bullfrog Care, Feeding and Terrarium Design

[…]be provided a nutritious diet; please see these articles on cricket and earthworm care). Canned grasshoppers, snails, and silkworms offer an easy means of increasing dietary variety. Never offer food with your fingers!  Use plastic feeding tongs – frogs are “unable to control themselves” when hungry, and often suffer wounds […]
Read more » African Bullfrog Care, Feeding and Terrarium Design

Pitfall Traps – Part 2 – Caterpillar Hunter Beetles in the Terrarium

[…]native caterpillar hunters are mostly large and brightly-colored, and spend the day searching for insects and their pupae.  Over 2,000 species (Family Carabidae) roam our forests, fields and parks, with 40,000+ having been described worldwide.  One, the forest caterpillar hunter, was imported to the USA from Europe in 1905 to […]
Read more » Pitfall Traps – Part 2 – Caterpillar Hunter Beetles in the Terrarium

Your First Pet Snake: A Checklist of Things to Consider

[…]Green Snakes and other insect-eaters usually refuse crickets and other readily-available foods (canned silkworms may be a useful alternative). The fish-eating Water Garter and Ribbon Snakes are a good option for many folks. Considering a snake purchase is an important decision. If you need more time to consider the aspects […]
Read more » Your First Pet Snake: A Checklist of Things to Consider

Hatching Praying Mantid Egg Cases to Feed Tiny Amphibians and Invertebrates

[…]see the article below for details. Other Insect Alternatives Lacewings and other tiny insects that are sold to nurseries and gardeners are also potentially useful herp foods.  Please check out those offered by the Beneficial Insect Company, and look for my articles on other species in the future.  Please also […]
Read more » Hatching Praying Mantid Egg Cases to Feed Tiny Amphibians and Invertebrates

The Best Diet for Uromastyx Lizards – a Herpetologist’s Thoughts

[…]dietary variety; please post below for information on suitable wild plants and toxic species. Insects Insects should be used only as a rare treat, or perhaps to induce a reluctant feeder or habituate a shy individual to your presence. Any insects that are offered should be small in size, as […]
Read more » The Best Diet for Uromastyx Lizards – a Herpetologist’s Thoughts

Butterworms as Reptile-Amphibian Food: Nutritional Content and Care

[…]wild-caught, Butterworms likely provide nutrients absent from commercially-reared insects. They also exceed all other typical feeder insects in calcium content (please see Introduction, above), with only silkworms and phoenix worms approaching them in this regard (some find silkworms to be delicate, and phoenix worms are quite small, but both are […]
Read more » Butterworms as Reptile-Amphibian Food: Nutritional Content and Care

Beyond Webs – Swimming, Spitting and Other Spider Hunting Methods – Part 2

[…]above-ground while hanging in a head-down position from a tree.  The net is tossed onto passing insects and even, on occasion, small frogs. And then we have the incredible Spitting Spiders (Scytodes spp).  These aptly-named beasts squirt double streams of silk at insects, pinning them down and then delivering the […]
Read more » Beyond Webs – Swimming, Spitting and Other Spider Hunting Methods – Part 2

Frog Diets: Supplement Raises Poison Frog Egg Output & Tadpole Survival

[…]has been linked diets low in Vitamin A. If your frogs or toads are having difficulty catching insects, please see the link below, or post here for further information on this disorder.   Further Reading Adding Carotenoids to Cricket Diets   Carotenoid Supplementation may Brighten Frog Colors   Do Your […]
Read more » Frog Diets: Supplement Raises Poison Frog Egg Output & Tadpole Survival

The Dwarf Chameleons – Notes on Captive Care and Natural History

[…]of invertebrates. The ZooMed Bug Napper Insect Trap is an invaluable aid in collecting flying insects such as moths, beetles and flies – the Chameleons reactions to these will leave no doubt as to their value in improving your pets’ quality of life. Caterpillars, Snowy Tree crickets, Orange-spotted Roaches, Field […]
Read more » The Dwarf Chameleons – Notes on Captive Care and Natural History

Beyond Webs – Swimming, Spitting and Other Spider Hunting Methods – Part 1

[…]carried among its body hairs.  The spider lives within this bell and swims out to catch passing insects, fishes and tadpoles. Fishing Spiders (Dolomedes spp.) float on the water or remain on emergent plants with the forelegs touching the surface.  Recently, it has been discovered that some species actually lure […]
Read more » Beyond Webs – Swimming, Spitting and Other Spider Hunting Methods – Part 1

The Green Anole – Important Supplies for Anoles and other Lizard Pets

[…]Napper is a valuable insect-collecting tool. In order to increase dietary variety, try offering canned silkworms via feeding tongs. A mixture of papaya/apricot baby food, honey, a liquid reptile vitamin supplement and water should be offered weekly. Food offered to adult anoles should be sprinkled with a vitamin/mineral supplement 2-5 […]
Read more » The Green Anole – Important Supplies for Anoles and other Lizard Pets

Preparing Your Amphibian and Reptile Collection for Autumn and Winter

[…]a more varied winter diet for your collection.  If you happen upon a particularly rich source of insects, you might even experiment with freezing some for winter use…please write in and let me know if you do. Further Reading Hibernation/Brumation in Bearded Dragons and Other Herps. Raising Sow Bugs and […]
Read more » Preparing Your Amphibian and Reptile Collection for Autumn and Winter

Live Bloodworms – An Important Food for Small Amphibians and Their Larvae

[…]the body.  Hemoglobin imparts both color and common name to these small (to 1 inch in length) insects. Life Cycle In the wild, Bloodworms feed ravenously on organic detritus for 10-12 days, after which they pupate and then leave the water as winged adults.  The adults, known as Midges, tend […]
Read more » Live Bloodworms – An Important Food for Small Amphibians and Their Larvae

Something New for Insect-keepers – Sunburst and Green Diving Beetles – Part 1

[…]are ravenous predators and actively hunt aquatic worms, amphipods, small tadpoles and other insects; terrestrial insects that have fallen into the water and carrion are also taken. Reproduction Diving Beetle eggs are attached to aquatic plants.  The elongated, aquatic larvae are known as “Water Tigers” and, equipped with out-sized jaws, […]
Read more » Something New for Insect-keepers – Sunburst and Green Diving Beetles – Part 1

Insect Pets – The Beautiful and Voracious Preying Mantids

[…]things, leaves, sticks, bark and lichen. Orchid mantids so closely resemble their namesakes that insects often alight directly upon them, mistaking the spectacularly-colored predators for flowers. Farmer’s Friend Insatiable appetites have long endeared mantids to farmers the world over. The Chinese mantid was imported into the USA in 1896 to […]
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Western Hognose Snake: Care, Color Morphs and Natural History

[…]hatchlings prefer lizard or toad-scented pink mice at first (some keepers report that water from canned tuna also works well). In time, they can be weaned onto unscented mice.   Breeding In their natural habitat, Western Hognose Snakes breed from March-May, and females deposit 4-25 eggs approximately 3 months later. […]
Read more » Western Hognose Snake: Care, Color Morphs and Natural History

Breeding White’s Treefrogs and White-Lipped Treefrogs – Part 2

[…]be employed to help provide the frogs with important dietary variety in the form of wild-caught insects. All insects offered the frogs should be powdered with vitamin/mineral supplements  for the first few months following transformation. The White Lipped or Indonesian Giant Green Treefrog (Litoria infrafrenata) Native to extreme northeastern Australia, […]
Read more » Breeding White’s Treefrogs and White-Lipped Treefrogs – Part 2

Leaf Litter Invertebrates as Food for Small Insectivorous Amphibians and Reptiles

[…]and other vertebrates!  So how do we get at them? More on that next week. Other Sources of Tiny Insects The Zoo Med Bug Napper, a very effective insect trap that I rely upon throughout the warmer months, will attract tiny gnats, moths, beetles and flies along with larger insects.  […]
Read more » Leaf Litter Invertebrates as Food for Small Insectivorous Amphibians and Reptiles

Argentine/Ornate Horned Frog Care: the “Pac Man Frog” and its Relatives

[…]see these articles on cricket and earthworm care) To increase dietary variety, try wiggling canned grasshoppers, snails and silkworms in front of your frog (using tongs, not your fingers!). Food (other than pinkies and fish) should be powdered with Zoo Med ReptiCalcium plus D3 or a similar product.  Vitamin/mineral supplements […]
Read more » Argentine/Ornate Horned Frog Care: the “Pac Man Frog” and its Relatives

A Bird-Eating Frog is Discovered in Thailand – Research Update

[…]of a Pink-toed Tarantula consuming a hummingbird, published in Maria S. Merian’s book on the insects of Suriname, aroused so much attention (and horror!) that all New World tarantulas are commonly termed “bird-eating spiders” to this day.  It seems now that amphibian fanciers have their own dramatic bird-eater – Limnonectes […]
Read more » A Bird-Eating Frog is Discovered in Thailand – Research Update

Tarantulas and Other Spiders – Dangerous vs. Beneficial Species – Part 2

[…]or rushing from burrows fitted with hinged doors (trap door spider). However, all spiders consume insects, including agricultural pests and disease-bearing species, to some degree.  Field research has shown that harmful flies comprising over 60% of the diet of certain web-building species.  It is estimated that the weight of the […]
Read more » Tarantulas and Other Spiders – Dangerous vs. Beneficial Species – Part 2

Madagascar Hissing Cockroach Allergy: Popular Pet Insect Hosts Troublesome Mold

[…]and secondary infections.  I’ve worked with huge colonies of these and other feeder insects in zoos, and coworkers seem to have developed allergies to crickets, but I have not heard of similar reports concerning roaches.  As of now, precautions rather than outright avoidance of Hissing Roaches are being advised.   […]
Read more » Madagascar Hissing Cockroach Allergy: Popular Pet Insect Hosts Troublesome Mold

New Cockroach, Discovered at a Tourist Resort, Jumps Like a Grasshopper

[…]trade (I find the lime-green Banana Roach, Panchlora nivea, to be among the most beautiful of all insects…please see photo and article below for information on keeping roaches).  Recently, entomologists were surprised to discover a new species on the grounds of a famous South African resort. Christened the Leaproach, Saltoblattela monistabularis, […]
Read more » New Cockroach, Discovered at a Tourist Resort, Jumps Like a Grasshopper

Poison Frogs – Sap Beetles as an Alternative Food for Small Frogs

[…]with…even in habitats I’ve explored since childhood.  Each season, I wind up keeping several insects or spiders that catch my interest.  Care is needed, but the rewards are worthwhile.  Collecting insects for bird and herp food was standard practice during my many years at the Bronx Zoo…please see the linked […]
Read more » Poison Frogs – Sap Beetles as an Alternative Food for Small Frogs

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Smokey Jungle Frog – Part 2

[…]had good success with a diet comprised largely of earthworms, roaches, crickets and wild-caught insects (please see my article on Collecting Feeder Insects).  I use shiners and crayfishes as a calcium source, but a pink mouse may be offered every 6-8 weeks if desired. Smokey Jungle Frogs are hunted by […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Smokey Jungle Frog – Part 2

Bird Aviaries as Outdoor Homes for Reptiles and Amphibians

While reviewing the outdoor aviaries that were recently added to out line of bird cages, it struck me that these large, sturdy enclosures could be put to good use by reptile and amphibian keepers. Outdoor pens, both at home and in zoos, have given rise to some of my most […]
Read more » Bird Aviaries as Outdoor Homes for Reptiles and Amphibians

Hermit Crab Pets: The Coconut Crab & Other Species

[…]coloration), hard-boiled egg, nuts, seeds, dry seaweed (sold as Nori), oatmeal, fish flakes, canned crickets, and freeze-dried fish foods (krill, plankton, brine shrimp, etc.).  They also relish decaying wood and leaf litter; these should be collected from pesticide-free areas. Cuttlebone bits and reptile calcium powder should be mixed into your […]
Read more » Hermit Crab Pets: The Coconut Crab & Other Species

Why Do My Crickets Keep Dying?

[…]Scientifically referred to as Acheta domesticus, the type of crickets sold as feeder insects have a higher protein value and a more docile nature in comparison to their wild counterparts. Although there are a few loopholes, due to laws that govern the importation of potentially invasive species, insects which are […]

Raising Springtails as Food for Poison Frogs, Mantellas and other Small Amphibians – Part 2

Springtails are minute, primitive, wingless insects classified in the Order Collembola.  Over 6,000 species are found in most temperate and tropical habitats, where they figure importantly in the diets of Poison Frogs (Dendrobates, Phyllobates, Oophaga), small salamanders and newly metamorphosed amphibians of many kinds. Please see Part I of this […]
Read more » Raising Springtails as Food for Poison Frogs, Mantellas and other Small Amphibians – Part 2

The Best Foods for Poison Frogs, Mantellas and Other Tiny Amphibians

[…]Please see this article for information on their husbandry and use. Supplements All commercial insects (crickets, fruit flies) should be powdered with Tetra ReptoCal  or Zoo Med ReptiCalcium.  A vitamin/mineral supplement such as ReptiVite with D3  should be used 2-3 times weekly.  I do not supplement wild-caught insects. Colleagues in […]
Read more » The Best Foods for Poison Frogs, Mantellas and Other Tiny Amphibians

Cuban and Hispaniolan Green Anole Care: Keeping the “Other” Green Anoles

[…]Napper is a valuable insect-collecting tool. In order to increase dietary variety, try offering canned silkworms via feeding tongs. A mixture of papaya/apricot baby food, honey, liquid reptile vitamins, and water should be offered weekly. Food offered to adult anoles should be sprinkled with a vitamin/mineral supplement 2-5 times per […]
Read more » Cuban and Hispaniolan Green Anole Care: Keeping the “Other” Green Anoles

Invertebrate Health – Mites in Scorpion, Millipede and Tarantula Terrariums

[…]if the terrarium and substrate are sterilized, they will invariably enter as hitchhikers on food insects.  Most Mites are intolerant of dry conditions, and hence rarely appear in enclosures housing Red-Kneed Tarantulas, Desert Hairy Scorpions or other species that hail from arid habitats. The white Mites observed in invertebrate and […]
Read more » Invertebrate Health – Mites in Scorpion, Millipede and Tarantula Terrariums

Raising Springtails as Food for Poison Frogs, Mantellas and other Small Amphibians – Part 1

[…]available foods of appropriate size – pinhead crickets and fruit flies.  The minute, wingless insects known as Springtails (Order Collembola) are easy to procure and rear, and offer a convenient means of increasing dietary variety for small amphibians. Natural Diets of Smaller Amphibians Most small terrestrial frogs and salamanders forage […]
Read more » Raising Springtails as Food for Poison Frogs, Mantellas and other Small Amphibians – Part 1

Wild Caught Invertebrates as Reptile and Amphibian Food – Pesticide Concerns – Part 2

[…]and steer clear of farms where pesticides are known to be applied regularly. Avoid also local insects that are considered to be agricultural pests, as they are likely the subject of control measures (this may apply to aphids, caterpillars, Japanese Beetles, etc.). Enjoy Despite the precautions that must be taken, invertebrate […]
Read more » Wild Caught Invertebrates as Reptile and Amphibian Food – Pesticide Concerns – Part 2

Assassin Bugs – Captive Care and a Spider-Hunting Assassin – Part 2

[…]and White-Spotted Assassins can be kept in large colonies.  They seem to prefer other insects to one-another as food…cannibalism is not a concern as long as they are well-fed and sprayed frequently with water.  Both are rainforest inhabitants, and do well in humid terrariums (humidity 60-80%) at 76-86 F.  Cork […]
Read more » Assassin Bugs – Captive Care and a Spider-Hunting Assassin – Part 2

Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Calciworms) as Food for Reptiles and Amphibians

[…]in mealworms and crickets. Protein and fat levels fall midway between those found in other feeder insects – 17.3% and 9.4%, respectively; crickets average 21% protein, while the fat content of super mealworms is 18%. Word-of-mouth evidence also supports the value of Black Soldier Fly larvae. Bird bone and beak […]
Read more » Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Calciworms) as Food for Reptiles and Amphibians

The Best Live Foods for Pet Salamanders – Ensuring Dietary Variety

[…](Collembolla sp.) Springtails are minute (as in smaller than fruit flies), primitive insects that can be collected from beneath leaf litter or purchased.  They feed upon decaying vegetables and fish flakes, and breed readily. Wild-Caught Invertebrates Wild-caught invertebrates can impart important variety to captive diets.  Learn to identify stinging and […]
Read more » The Best Live Foods for Pet Salamanders – Ensuring Dietary Variety

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Asian Flying Frog (Golden Treefrog)

[…]there.  They often congregate near outdoor lights at night in search of moths, beetles and other insects. Reproduction This opportunistic breeder may reproduce year-round or in the wet season, depending upon locality. Males call from the edges of ephemeral ponds, ditches and similar habitats.  Females lay 100-400 eggs in foam […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Asian Flying Frog (Golden Treefrog)

Building a Termite Trap – gathering termites as food for poison frogs and other small amphibians and reptiles

[…]exterminators, the only people who actively seek out termites – but we have good reason.  These insects (fascinating in their own right, by the way) are a valuable food source for a number of reptiles and amphibians.  Termites are particularly important for poison frogs, and form a major component of […]
Read more » Building a Termite Trap – gathering termites as food for poison frogs and other small amphibians and reptiles

New Studies on Reptile Intelligence – How Smart is Your Pet?

[…]Costa Rica, I observed Marine Toads that had learned to gather under a light and wait for stunned insects…most nights, they began congregating before the light went on.  I’ve seen wild wild electric eels  demonstrate their intelligence, and one recent study revealed that insects of the same species exhibit surprising […]
Read more » New Studies on Reptile Intelligence – How Smart is Your Pet?

Zoo Med Pacman Frog Food for Horned Frogs and African Bullfrogs

[…]are promoted for convenience-sake and as an option for pet owners who do not wish to handle live insects or rodents. However, I’m mainly interested in Zoo Med’s Pacman Frog Food because it may help to solve 2 recurring problems faced by frog owners. The first is the difficulty in […]
Read more » Zoo Med Pacman Frog Food for Horned Frogs and African Bullfrogs

The Spotted Salamander, Ambystoma maculatum – Part II, Natural History

[…]well as smaller salamanders. The larvae prey upon zooplankton, dragonfly larvae and other aquatic insects, fairy shrimp, tadpoles, red-spotted newt larvae and each other. Spotted salamanders produce toxic skin secretions but are none-the-less consumed by garter snakes and hog-nosed snakes. Introduced trout, bass, goldfish and other fishes prey upon the […]
Read more » The Spotted Salamander, Ambystoma maculatum – Part II, Natural History

Stag Beetle Conservation, with Notes on Keeping Large Beetles

[…]are attracted to ginger, which releases a chemical (Alpha Copaene) known to attract wood-boring insects.  Ginger-baited traps proved very effective. Simultaneously, tiny microphones were used to detect the noises made beetle larvae as they moved about below ground or in dead wood (many invertebrates stridulate, or vibrate various body parts, […]
Read more » Stag Beetle Conservation, with Notes on Keeping Large Beetles

Feeding Pet African Bullfrogs Pyxicephalus adspersus – Part 1

[…]had very good results with earthworm-based diets over many years. Commercially Available Insects The balance of the diet can consist of crickets, roaches, super mealworms, waxworms, tomato hornworms and other commercially available insects. Large roaches (as well as nightcrawlers) present an excellent means of keeping your frog sated without resorting […]
Read more » Feeding Pet African Bullfrogs Pyxicephalus adspersus – Part 1

Mazuri High Calcium Cricket Diet and Other Foods for Feeder Crickets

[…]contain calcium and phosphorus in a ratio of 1:1, 1.5:1 or 2:1. Crickets and many other feeder insects in their natural (“un-supplemented”) state have a calcium: phosphorus ratio of only 0.3:1. Zookeepers and hobbyists have long coated crickets with high-quality powdered calcium and vitamin/mineral supplements in an effort to improve […]
Read more » Mazuri High Calcium Cricket Diet and Other Foods for Feeder Crickets

Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation for Aquatic Frogs, Turtles & Newts – Part 1

[…]nutrients…again, the aquarium fish trade provides us with useful options…from fresh water insects to marine animals (use these in moderation), there are a number of very valuable herp foods to be had. Animals that accept only live prey are especially troublesome when it comes to supplementation, as one cannot coat […]
Read more » Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation for Aquatic Frogs, Turtles & Newts – Part 1

Earwigs as an Alternative Food for Pet Reptiles and Amphibians

[…]articles linked below.  Today I’ll discuss earwigs – common, hardy, and largely-ignored insects that have great potential as pet food.  They are also extremely interesting in their own right, with females caring for their eggs and actually carrying food to the young! Why Earwigs? Earwigs are readily accepted by a […]
Read more » Earwigs as an Alternative Food for Pet Reptiles and Amphibians

Amphibian Learning Abilities – the southern toad, Bufo (Anaxyrus) terrestris and bumblebee mimics

[…]green frogs, Rana (Lithobates) clamitans in an outdoor pen, where I used ripe fruit to attract insects for them to eat. Year after year, I observed the same frogs to studiously avoid yellow-jackets and other wasps, while snapping up flies and beetles located close to the wasps. It would appear […]
Read more » Amphibian Learning Abilities – the southern toad, Bufo (Anaxyrus) terrestris and bumblebee mimics

The Natural History and Care of the Blue Poison Frog, Dendrobates azureus (tinctorius) – Part II, Care in Captivity

[…]can be collected. Do not leave large numbers of ants in the terrarium. Aphids – these tiny insects may be found on plant stems. Clip the stem and place it in the terrarium, or shake the insects over the tank – your frogs’ reactions will leave no doubt as to […]
Read more » The Natural History and Care of the Blue Poison Frog, Dendrobates azureus (tinctorius) – Part II, Care in Captivity

Tarantulas in Captivity – An Overview of Popular Species, Part I

[…]as food (dead mice are accepted). They fare well on roaches, earthworms, crickets and wild-caught insects such as grasshoppers and katydids. Mexican Red Knee Tarantula, Brachypelma smithi Quite different from the goliath in color, temperament and captive needs, the red knee is responsible for the advent of tarantula keeping in […]
Read more » Tarantulas in Captivity – An Overview of Popular Species, Part I

The Common Snapping Turtle, Chelydra serpentina – Care in Captivity (with notes on the Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macroclemmys temmincki) Part 2

[…]foods. The balance of the diet should be as varied as possible – earthworms, crickets and other insects, crayfish, shrimp, freeze dried prawn, pink mice, waxworms, mealworms, etc. Snappers will also eagerly accept most frozen foods marketed for tropical fish and catfish and cichlid pellets , but such should be […]
Read more » The Common Snapping Turtle, Chelydra serpentina – Care in Captivity (with notes on the Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macroclemmys temmincki) Part 2

Bearded Dragon or Leopard Gecko? Comparing the Ownership Costs

[…]Dragon (adult): 36-48 insects per week Leopard Gecko (adult):  15-25 insects per week and 3 bowls salad per week   Please note that these figures are meant to provide a general idea of expected food intake.  The actual amount of food your lizard will consume is influenced by temperature, the […]
Read more » Bearded Dragon or Leopard Gecko? Comparing the Ownership Costs

Spring Field Trips: Amphibians, Reptiles, Invertebrates, Birds

[…]vernal pond. Our net failed to find any water scorpions, diving beetles or other common aquatic insects, but many over-winter as eggs, and so are difficult to locate prior to maturity.   Happily, the red-winged blackbirds were out in force, and calling all day. I’ve observed these early harbingers of […]
Read more » Spring Field Trips: Amphibians, Reptiles, Invertebrates, Birds

Thoughts on Keeping the Giant Bent-Toed Gecko and Related Species – Part 2

[…]most geckos to feed; many also respond with enthusiasm to moths, beetles and other wild caught insects. Please see my article on Raising Orange-Spotted Roaches  for more information. I believe it to be very important to offer a variety of invertebrates to bent-toed geckos. If at all possible, try to […]
Read more » Thoughts on Keeping the Giant Bent-Toed Gecko and Related Species – Part 2

Frog Leg Trade Kills Billions of Frogs Annually and Threatens Species’ Survival

[…]study showed that an American Toad (a smaller animal than those in the trade) may eat over 20,000 insects in a single summer…how many would billions of much larger frogs consume?!  In fact, when the trade decimated frog populations inSouth Asia, pesticide use immediately soared.  After the main trade species […]
Read more » Frog Leg Trade Kills Billions of Frogs Annually and Threatens Species’ Survival

The Orange Spotted Roach: an Interesting Pet and Valuable Food for Reptiles, Amphibians, Invertebrates, Birds and Fishes – Part 2

[…]roaches will provide you with many surprises.  We still have a great deal to learn about these insects…observant keepers stand a good chance of learning something new. Water I use R-Zilla Cricket Calcium Drink Supplement as the sole water source for all roach species.  This and similar gel-based products eliminates […]
Read more » The Orange Spotted Roach: an Interesting Pet and Valuable Food for Reptiles, Amphibians, Invertebrates, Birds and Fishes – Part 2

My Bearded Dragon is Not Eating: What to Do

[…]the articles linked below to read more about adding silkworms, house flies, sow bugs, wild-caught insects and other important foods to your pet’s diet. Studies have shown that some lizards will alter their diet in accordance with changing nutritional needs…your pet’s poor appetite may indicate that more variety is needed. […]

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Frilled Dragon or Frillneck Lizard, Chlamydosaurus kingii – Part II, Frilled Dragons as Pets

[…]indeed, they get along perfectly well without them in captivity. Please try to provide wild-caught insects whenever possible.  Mine especially favor grasshoppers, katydids, large moths and cicadas.  Avoid fireflies, brightly colored insects (due to possible toxicity) and bees, wasps and spiders.  Zoo-Med’s Bug Napper is an excellent insect trap, and […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Frilled Dragon or Frillneck Lizard, Chlamydosaurus kingii – Part II, Frilled Dragons as Pets

Tortoise Diets: Mediterranean Species and Russian (Horsfield’s) Tortoises

Hello, Frank Indiviglio here. Judging from recent questions posted on this blog, there is a great deal of conflicting information available as regards the feeding of tortoise. The Greek or spur-thighed (Testudo graeca), marginated (T. marginata) and Hermann’s (T. hermanni) tortoises, collectively referred to as Mediterranean tortoises, and the popular […]
Read more » Tortoise Diets: Mediterranean Species and Russian (Horsfield’s) Tortoises

Medications Based on the Immune System of the Mealworm or Darkling Beetle (Tenebrio molitor) may someday prevent the Emergence of Drug Resistant Microbes – Research Update

[…]human health concern, especially as regards hospital-based micro-organisms.   It seems that insects are particularly effective at preventing the development of hard-to-kill microbes, and that most of the credit for this is due a unique group of chemicals known as antimicrobial peptides.  It is hoped that human medications modeled after […]
Read more » Medications Based on the Immune System of the Mealworm or Darkling Beetle (Tenebrio molitor) may someday prevent the Emergence of Drug Resistant Microbes – Research Update

Houseflies and Maggots as Food for Reptiles, Amphibians and Invertebrates

[…]pollinators, and their larvae attack crop pests. North America’s 1,000+ Robber Flies prey upon insects, including injurious flies.  Even Blowflies have their good points… their larvae eat the maggots of disease-bearing species and play a vital role in decomposition. Flies feature importantly in Forensic Entomology.  By studying the types of […]
Read more » Houseflies and Maggots as Food for Reptiles, Amphibians and Invertebrates

Giant Centipedes – My Experiences with Centipede Bites and Behavior

[…]in NYC’s Central Park. Diet Centipedes are formidable predators that consume a wide variety of insects and other invertebrates.  The Amazonian Giant Centipede, the world’s largest (females may exceed 12 inches in length), and similarly-sized species also take bats, tarantulas, rodents, frogs, lizards, and small birds.  Extinct forms topped 3 […]
Read more » Giant Centipedes – My Experiences with Centipede Bites and Behavior

Research Update: Gray Treefrog (Hyla versicolor) Calls are Influenced by Social Factors, Concave-Eared Torrent Frogs (Odorrana tormota) Call in the Ultrasonic Range

[…]in the lower sound ranges (which are used by most frogs). Until now, only bats, whales and certain insects were thought to utilize ultrasonic calls. Unusual Ears And why the recessed eardrums? As stated in an article published in the May, 2008 issue of “Nature”, the torrent frogs eardrums are […]
Read more » Research Update: Gray Treefrog (Hyla versicolor) Calls are Influenced by Social Factors, Concave-Eared Torrent Frogs (Odorrana tormota) Call in the Ultrasonic Range

Feeding African Clawed Frogs – the Two Best Diets

[…]ideal, although newly-molted (white) grubs and pupae are fine.  You can also offer wild-caught insects – please see the article below for more info. Feeding live food in a large, well-planted tank is a great way to observe your frogs’ natural hunting abilities.  The Clawed Frogs that I kept in […]
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Scorpions in Captivity – An Overview of Popular Species – Part 1

[…]where 60+ species may be found. Diet All are predacious, with most consuming soft-bodied insects but some specializing in land snails, sowbugs and other scorpions.  Larger species may take frogs, lizards, shrews and other sizable animals on occasion. Reproduction All scorpions thus far studied give birth to live young, and […]
Read more » Scorpions in Captivity – An Overview of Popular Species – Part 1

Japan’s Earthquake and Tsunami – Zoo and Aquarium Concerns

[…]are favored over hippos, lions and elephants. Japanese hobbyists’ and entomologists’ work with insects and other invertebrates is nothing short of unbelievable – I was floored by the Tama Zoo’s giant insect house and its huge walk-through “aviary” for insects. Japan’s aquariums are among the worlds finest, and thrilled me […]
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Live Food Care – Reptile, Amphibian, Tarantula and Scorpion Diets

[…]spiderlings and other tiny pets. Springtails (Collembolla sp.) Springtails are minute, primitive insects that can be collected from beneath leaf litter or purchased.  They feed upon decaying vegetables and fish flakes, and breed readily. Wild-Caught Invertebrates Wild-caught invertebrates can impart important variety to captive diets.  Learn to identify stinging and […]
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American Museum of Natural History: A Visit to the Live Spider Exhibit

[…]that they prey upon small rodents, snakes, frogs, lizards and other vertebrates in addition to insects. Certainly, those under my care startled me with their voracious appetites.   Ornamental Tarantulas: Beautifully-colored but rather aggressive – and very fast moving, I can assure you! – these SE Asian spiders are highly […]
Read more » American Museum of Natural History: A Visit to the Live Spider Exhibit

Care of the World’s Most Colorful Mantella: A Zookeeper’s Thoughts

[…]below) Flour beetle larvae Ants: experimenting required, as some species are rejected Aphids: tiny insects that colonize plant stems. Field Plankton: insects gathered by sweeping through tall grass with a net (also great fun for kids and adults alike, please see photo!)   Baron’s Painted Mantellas have large appetites and […]
Read more » Care of the World’s Most Colorful Mantella: A Zookeeper’s Thoughts

Bearded Dragon Care and History in Captivity

[…]well and uses rocks and stumps as basking sites and as platforms from which to launch attacks on insects moving about below. Diurnal, it basks at temperatures of 125 F for short periods and shelters in self-dug burrows during extremely hot or cold weather. To read the rest of this […]

The Orange Spotted Roach: an Interesting Pet and Valuable Food for Reptiles, Amphibians, Invertebrates, Birds and Fishes – Part 1

[…]starts out as pet food but winds up as a pet. It’s small wonder, as these attractive insects are very interesting in their own right, and most agreeable to exhibiting their natural behaviors to the patient observer. Coming into Their Own Roaches are finally getting the attention they deserve from […]
Read more » The Orange Spotted Roach: an Interesting Pet and Valuable Food for Reptiles, Amphibians, Invertebrates, Birds and Fishes – Part 1

Slider and other Semi-Aquatic Turtle Diets – Vegetables and Greens – Part 2

In Part I of this article, we discussed the role played by plants in the diets of popular North American “basking” turtles such as Red-Eared and Yellow-Bellied Sliders, Map, Red-Bellied and Chicken Turtles, and Cooters. Useful Plants and Vegetables As your turtles grow out of the hatchling stage, I suggest […]
Read more » Slider and other Semi-Aquatic Turtle Diets – Vegetables and Greens – Part 2

Providing A Balanced Diet To Reptile and Amphibian Pets

[…]how much of its vitamin/mineral supplement coating will be passed along to your pet. Whether food insects will live or die within the terrarium, and how to keep track of the food intake of secretive or nocturnal pets will also affect the manner in which you must present the food. […]
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Spiny-Tailed Agamids – the Fascinating Lizards of the Genus Uromastyx -Part 2

[…]thrive if their unique dietary needs are not met.  A diet that is too rich (i.e. high in fruit or insects) may kill them as quickly as will one lacking essential nutrients.  Many species relish such seemingly unappetizing foods as dry split peas, millet, canary seed and other grains. Hailing […]
Read more » Spiny-Tailed Agamids – the Fascinating Lizards of the Genus Uromastyx -Part 2

My Animal Collection: How a Herpetologist Keeps American Toads, Bufo (Anaxyrus) americanus and Related Species, Part I

[…]and other amphibians fare poorly in stagnant air) yet are small enough to prevent small feeder insects from escaping.  This set-up is dismantled and cleaned weekly – the terrarium’s light weight simplifies this chore. Substrate The substrate pictured in the photo is R-Zilla Compressed Frog Moss.  American toads prefer a […]
Read more » My Animal Collection: How a Herpetologist Keeps American Toads, Bufo (Anaxyrus) americanus and Related Species, Part I

New Dinosaur Resembled a Horned Lizard – On an Immense Scale

[…]of North America for millions of years.  The enforced isolation gave rise to innumerable bizarre insects, fishes, amphibians, dinosaurs and other creatures, many of which, it appears, have yet to be discovered. Two New Triceratops Relatives The strangest Laramidia resident to come to light so far is the recently described […]
Read more » New Dinosaur Resembled a Horned Lizard – On an Immense Scale

Tarantulas in Captivity, Part II

[…]moisture levels. Ravenous predators (feed them crickets, roaches, waxworms, moths and other insects) and quick to “take offense”, these beauties live up to the “tiger” portion of their name quite well!   Haitian Brown Tarantula, Phormictopus cancerides This species was formerly imported in large numbers, and was relatively inexpensive for […]

Product Review: Gel-Based Water Sources for House Crickets (Acheta domestica)

[…]to rapidly decimate cricket colonies.  Misting the colony, a useful technique as regard many insects, is worse, and again will result in heavy losses. The advent of gel-based cricket water substitutes is one of the most important recent innovations in food animal maintenance.  These products save time and money by […]
Read more » Product Review: Gel-Based Water Sources for House Crickets (Acheta domestica)

Hunting the Huntsman – Keeping the Giant Crab, or Huntsman Spider – Part 1

[…]Hidden within the produce crates were the creatures I sought – tree frogs, spiders, lizards, insects and such (I once narrowly missed a Mouse Opossum).  All large spiders were called “Banana Spiders”…one, the Giant Crab or Huntsman Spider (Heteropoda venatoria), appeared on occasion but was always too fast for me.  […]
Read more » Hunting the Huntsman – Keeping the Giant Crab, or Huntsman Spider – Part 1

Malayan and Kuhl’s Flying Geckos – Breeding and Care

[…]and will not fare well on crickets alone.  Housefly cultures, silkworms, roaches, moths and other insects are essential to their well-being.  The comments in this article on Red-Eyed Treefrog Diets are largely applicable; please write in if you have any questions on this critical aspect of husbandry. Breeding Mature males […]
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Slider and other Semi-Aquatic Turtle Diets – Vegetables and Greens – Part 1

[…]are specialized predators of crayfishes, clams and snails, while the much smaller males take insects, carrion and plants. Captive Diets Many commercial Aquatic Turtle Diets provide excellent nutrition and can serve as a dietary mainstay, and there is some evidence that diet of Reptomin and Freeze Dried Krill meets all […]
Read more » Slider and other Semi-Aquatic Turtle Diets – Vegetables and Greens – Part 1

Notes from the Field – An Aggressive Black Tegu Tupinambis teguixin (merianae)

[…]across – other lizards, snakes, turtle and bird eggs, small mammals, fish, frogs, crabs, large insects and carrion – and were major predators in this flooded grassland habitat.  I managed to catch a few young tegus, but old, battle-scarred individuals were impossible to approach, fleeing with amazing speed at the […]
Read more » Notes from the Field – An Aggressive Black Tegu Tupinambis teguixin (merianae)

How To Breed Green Anoles and Raise the Youngsters

[…]as the breeding season arrives.  Please see these articles for further information on collecting insects. Incubating the Eggs Eggs may be incubated in vermiculite or moist sphagnum moss.  I prefer to use a vermiculite and water in a 1:1 ratio by weight (please see this article for details on setting […]
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How Reptiles, Amphibians and Spiders “Celebrate” Valentine’s Day

[…]male spiders usually offered worthless husks, while well-fed males presented entire insects. Follow-up lab studies revealed that females accepted both intact and empty gifts (it takes time for them to unwrap the insects and discover the con-artists!), but were more likely to mate with heavier, well-fed males, regardless of the […]
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Phorid or Scuttle Flies – A Common Pest in Herp and Invertebrate Collections – Part 1

[…]cousins, however, Phorid Flies and their larvae (or maggots) are scavengers, feeding upon dead insects, feces, eggs and necrotic flesh associated with wounds. Potential Problems While Phorid Flies have not been known to injure healthy herps or invertebrates, in addition to being a plain nuisance they can colonize wounds, where […]
Read more » Phorid or Scuttle Flies – A Common Pest in Herp and Invertebrate Collections – Part 1

Mantella Care – Keeping Madagascar Poison Frogs in the Terrarium

[…]available commercially. Ants: experimenting required, as some species are rejected. Aphids: tiny insects that colonize plant stems. “Field Plankton”: insects gathered by sweeping through tall grass with a net. Mantellas have large appetites and should be fed every day or two.  One Brown Mantella was observed to eat 53 ants […]
Read more » Mantella Care – Keeping Madagascar Poison Frogs in the Terrarium

The Keeled Box Turtle – a Hardy Species in Need of Captive Breeding – Part 2

[…]in the wild, but, judging from observations of captive animals, they likely consume carrion, insects, snails and other invertebrates as well. Mine have thrived on a diet comprised of a wide variety of vegetables and fruits, crickets, earthworms, mealworms, pink mice and commercial turtle chow.     Further Reading Please […]
Read more » The Keeled Box Turtle – a Hardy Species in Need of Captive Breeding – Part 2

Fishing Spider: Habitat and Care

[…]legs to a dock, plant or rock and keep the front legs on the water’s surface. Fish, tadpoles or insects that disturb the surface are instantly attacked, with the spiders moving out over the water for several inches if necessary. Flying insects that fall onto the water likely comprise the […]

Prepared Diets and Food Supplements for House Crickets – Product Review

[…]chow and baby cereal can all be fed to crickets, but none are formulated specifically for these insects, and each has disadvantages.  When feeding crickets in public collections or at home, I now rely exclusively upon commercial cricket foods.  The following products are all very well-accepted by these perpetually hungry […]
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Earthworm Flakes – a New Food for Tadpoles, Newts and other Aquatic Pets

[…]Tadpoles, Newts, smaller African Clawed Frogs, Crayfishes, Freshwater Shrimp, Snails and aquatic insects such as Diving Beetles would all benefit from a dose of earthworm nutrients in their diet. Earthworm Flake Food might also be tried with those animals that, while preferring live invertebrates, can sometimes be induced to accept […]
Read more » Earthworm Flakes – a New Food for Tadpoles, Newts and other Aquatic Pets

Dart Poison Frog Care and Natural History – An Overview

[…]mantids  Ants: not all are accepted; beware of large/aggressive species. Aphids: tiny insects that colonize plant stems. “Field Plankton”: insects gathered by sweeping through tall grass with a net. Tiny flies and gnats; consider the Bug Napper trap. Tiny millipedes and other leaf litter invertebrates Important food supplements include Zoo […]
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Breeding the Green Basilisk and Related Species – Part 2

[…]and small minnows are an ideal calcium source, and dietary variety, including wild-caught insects, is essential.  Basilisks are one of the few lizards that accept earthworms, and these are an ideal food source for both young and adult individuals.  Soft-bodied roaches (i.e. Orange-Spotted Roaches) and silkworms are also favored. Young […]
Read more » Breeding the Green Basilisk and Related Species – Part 2

The 10 Best Ways to Prepare for a Career in Herpetology – Part 1

[…]cannot help but inspire.  Try Raymond Ditmars: his Exciting Life with Reptiles, Animals & Insects and In Search of Reptiles and Amphibians, a 1988 gem by modern-day herp legend Dick Bartlett. Observe Living in herp-poor environments should not deter you from looking about – I found NYC to hold surprising […]
Read more » The 10 Best Ways to Prepare for a Career in Herpetology – Part 1

Live Plants in Amphibian Terrariums – Pesticide Concerns

Live plants are very useful in creating amphibian terrariums that are both attractive to the eye and beneficial for the animals housed therein.  However, amphibian skin is permeable to substances as small as oxygen molecules.  Several readers have recently questioned whether pesticides used on terrarium plants could harm amphibians through […]
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Frog Recently Discovered on Borneo is Eastern Hemisphere’s Smallest

[…]– the water contained in the base of pitcher plants.  Pitcher “ponds”, which serve to drown insects that are digested by the plants, support miniature ecosystems inhabited by insect larvae, snails, crabs, algae and other organisms.  The newly described frogs deposit their eggs on the surface of the plant above […]
Read more » Frog Recently Discovered on Borneo is Eastern Hemisphere’s Smallest

Kihansi Spray Toads, Extinct in the Wild, Return to Africa

[…]too large for many newborns! We relied primarily upon nutrient-loaded pinheads, springtails (tiny insects) and fruit flies, but I was concerned that such did not comprise a balanced diet.  I collected tiny leaf-litter invertebrates (newly hatched millipedes, nematodes, ants, etc.) and fed these to the toads whenever possible.  Please see […]
Read more » Kihansi Spray Toads, Extinct in the Wild, Return to Africa

Reptiles and Amphibians in Outdoor Pens or Ponds: Preparing for Winter

[…]variety of behaviors and have better breeding results, and the access to natural sunlight and wild insects is very beneficial for the animals. The arrival of winter, however, ends the fun and brings special challenges. Today I’ll cover indoor and outdoor hibernation of terrestrial and aquatic turtles and frogs, and […]
Read more » Reptiles and Amphibians in Outdoor Pens or Ponds: Preparing for Winter

The Natural History and Care of the Greater Siren

[…]Greater Sirens take a wide variety of prey, including fish, frogs, other salamanders, tadpoles, insects, crayfishes, shrimps, snails and carrion. Some suggest that ducklings and small rodents are not beyond their grasp, and that algae may be consumed by juveniles. Miscellaneous Greater Sirens aestivate (become dormant) during droughts.  At these […]
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Tailless Whipscorpions – the Weirdest of All Arachnids?

[…]be provided a varied diet consisting of crickets, waxworms, roaches, locusts and wild caught insects. All species kept to date require very damp conditions and temperatures of 72-76 F.  Despite their tropical origins, tailless whipscorpions are most often found in caves, wells, hollow trees and other cool micro-habitats.  Most fail […]
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