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The Best Snake Pets – 5 Top Choices for Snake Keepers

[…]the Rosy Boa can be. They are live bearers, so breeders are spared the trouble of incubating eggs, and the 3-6 young typically produced are large enough to accept pink mice. Garter Snakes, Thamnophis spp. Over 30 species of these attractive, interesting snakes may be found in North America. Garter […]
Read more » The Best Snake Pets – 5 Top Choices for Snake Keepers

Burmese Pythons in the Wild – the Natural History of a Giant Snake

[…]raise their own core temperatures and that of the egg clutch. Female Burmese Pythons lay 18-100 eggs after a gestation period of 60-150 days.  The eggs hatch in 55-75 days.  The hatchlings are 18-24 inches long (large enough to consume adult mice) and become sexually mature at a length of […]
Read more » Burmese Pythons in the Wild – the Natural History of a Giant Snake

Caution – Female Turtles, even if Unmated, Must be Provided with a Nest Site

[…]is continually added to the retained eggs, draining the female’s supplies and rendering the eggs ever-more difficult to pass. Eventually, the eggs will break and/or decay, and an infection known as egg yolk peritonitis will set in.  If untreated, the female will die. Determining if your Turtle is Gravid Another […]
Read more » Caution – Female Turtles, even if Unmated, Must be Provided with a Nest Site

The Best Diet for Captive Newts and Mexican Axolotls

[…]and commonly sold as food for tropical fishes.  I experimentally raised the larvae of Mexican Axolotls and Spotted and Marbled Salamanders solely upon blackworms, and had excellent results.  Avoid Tubifex Worms, which are harvested from polluted waters. Live Earthworms are a near-perfect food for most newts (and amphibians in general), […]
Read more » The Best Diet for Captive Newts and Mexican Axolotls

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Pickerel Frog

[…]ponds, vernal pools, and marshes as winter ends (December in the south, May in the north).  The eggs are attached to submerged vegetation at or near the water’s surface, often in areas that receive a good deal of sunlight.  The eggs hatch in 8-24 days.  The tadpoles feed upon algae […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Pickerel Frog

Frog News – Land-Dwelling Tadpole Lives in Trees and Feeds on Wood

[…]Frog and certain other tadpoles develop within a moisture-retaining nest. The Brown Leaping Frog eggs were at least 10 feet from water, and not in a position to be carried there by rain.  Also, this was the first time any frog has been observed attaching eggs to tree bark. A […]
Read more » Frog News – Land-Dwelling Tadpole Lives in Trees and Feeds on Wood

Reticulated Python Natural History – a Giant Snake in Wild and Urban Habitats

[…]can raise their core temperatures and the temperature of the egg clutch. Females deposit 30-100 eggs after a gestation period of 100-150 days.  The eggs hatch in approximately 85 days. The hatchlings are 30-32 inches long-large enough to consume adult mice right away and become sexually mature at a length […]
Read more » Reticulated Python Natural History – a Giant Snake in Wild and Urban Habitats

Breeding the Malayan Leaf Frog (Long-Nosed or Bornean Horned Frog)

[…]but cork bark offers, I believe, the best attachment site). The jelly surrounding each clump of eggs is extremely thin, so take care not to jostle the caves when you check them. The eggs hatch in 10-12 days, at which time the tadpoles slide down strands of jelly (which may […]
Read more » Breeding the Malayan Leaf Frog (Long-Nosed or Bornean Horned Frog)

The Natural History and Care of the Greater Siren

[…]on the pond bottom in densely vegetated sites.  There is some evidence that females may guard eggs, but we do not as yet know whether fertilization is internal or external (great project for an aspiring keeper!) The eggs hatch in April and May; very little is known of larval period. […]
Read more » The Natural History and Care of the Greater Siren

Calabar Ground and Mexican Dwarf Pythons – Unique Burrowers for Python Fans

[…]in rodent burrows, and have even been seen to enter iguana and sea turtle nests to prey upon eggs. Captive Care Mexican Dwarf Pythons can be kept as has been described for Calabar Ground Pythons, but need a drier substrate and less misting.  A shredded bark – sand mix suits […]
Read more » Calabar Ground and Mexican Dwarf Pythons – Unique Burrowers for Python Fans

Breeding the African Clawed Frog

[…]efforts and very willing to consume their progeny. Amazingly, a female in my collection deposited eggs without entering amplexus, and a male fertilized the eggs the following day…please see the article below for details. Observing Breeding Behavior Despite their generally bold demeanor, paired African Clawed Frogs are extremely sensitive to […]

Invasive Species News pt 2- African Rock Pythons may be Breeding in Florida

[…]miles) area in Dade County.  Among the captured snakes was an 15.5 foot-long adult female with eggs forming in the oviduct, reproductively active males, and several young-of-the-year.  The ages and sexes of these snakes, and their proximity to one another, suggests a breeding population. Also notable is the fact that […]
Read more » Invasive Species News pt 2- African Rock Pythons may be Breeding in Florida

Frog Reproduction Made Simple – Breeding Fire-Bellied Toads

[…]and a filter that does not create strong currents (corner filters are ideal). Females lay 100-200 eggs, usually within 24 hours of entering amplexus; the eggs attach to plants, sticks and airline tubing.  At 72 F, the tiny (7 mm) tadpoles hatch in 3-4 days.  They remain motionless and attached […]
Read more » Frog Reproduction Made Simple – Breeding Fire-Bellied Toads

Urban Herping – Finding Snakes in New York City

[…]be the oddest urban herp experience – Hunting Alligators in NYC’s Sewers. Urban Amphibians: Axolotls Found in Mexico City Park  Snakes of NY: Photos and Information Snakes in Indian Cities   Milksnake image referenced from wikipedia and originally posted by […]
Read more » Urban Herping – Finding Snakes in New York City

Turtles Seek Heat While Still in the Egg…Do They Also Choose Their Sex?!

[…]by shining a strong light at the shell (a process known as “candling”).  Some of the eggs were buried in “nests” located on sloping ground, where sun exposure would vary, while others were located on flat ground, where the sun would strike the eggs evenly.  All of the embryos in […]
Read more » Turtles Seek Heat While Still in the Egg…Do They Also Choose Their Sex?!

Urban Turtle fest – the New York Turtle and Tortoise Society’s Annual Show

[…]body of water) and other unsuitable habitats.  For several years I collected Snapping Turtle Eggs along the Bronx River and gave them to a friend, who is a monk in a local temple.  Temple members incubated the eggs and we held a release ceremony each August back at the Bronx […]
Read more » Urban Turtle fest – the New York Turtle and Tortoise Society’s Annual Show

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Trans-Pecos Ratsnake – Part 2

[…]with eggs being produced after a gestation period of 35-50 days.  Clutches may contain 2-10 eggs, with 5 being typical.  Eggs hatch after an incubation period of 75 days at 82 F, with a range of 65-105 days, depending upon temperature.  Hatchlings average 12-15 inches in length.     Further […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Trans-Pecos Ratsnake – Part 2

Amphibian News – Rare Frogs Breed in Captivity, Lost Species Found

[…]Breast Spot Frog: one of the world’s smallest frogs. Macaya Burrowing Frog: unique in laying eggs below ground; there is no tadpole stage. Hispaniolan Crowned Frog: sporting a head ringed by bumps, this arboreal frog breeds in Bromeliads. Further Reading Conservation Update: the Lake Titicaca Frog Haiti’s Lost Frogs; includes […]
Read more » Amphibian News – Rare Frogs Breed in Captivity, Lost Species Found

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Trans-Pecos Rat Snake – Part 1

[…]be more widespread than is generally believed. Reproduction Mating occurs in the spring and 2-9 eggs are laid in the summer.  The young, 12-15 inches in length, hatch after an incubation period of 2-3 ½ months.  Hatchlings feed mainly upon small lizards. Diet Lizards are said to be favored, especially […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Trans-Pecos Rat Snake – Part 1

2010’s Reptile Discoveries – New Lizard Species and Facts

[…]to a live-bearing lizard!  Populations in New South Wales’ warm coastal regions produce eggs, while those inhabiting cool mountain slopes give birth to live young. Cool temperatures are associated with live-bearing in herps ranging from Alpine Newts to European Vipers, but only 2 other lizards (Bougainville’s Skink and the Viviparous […]
Read more » 2010’s Reptile Discoveries – New Lizard Species and Facts

First North American Captive Breeding of the Giant Horned Lizard

[…]reports indicate that Giant Horned Lizards mate in April-June, with gravid females laying 10-30 eggs after a gestation period of 60-70 days.  The eggs hatch in 10-12 weeks when incubated at 85 F. Horned Lizard Care Horned Lizards are hard to resist, but it is a mistake to attempt keeping […]
Read more » First North American Captive Breeding of the Giant Horned Lizard

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mertens’ Water Monitor – Part 2

[…]eat nearly every day without fear of obesity setting in. Breeding Clutches range in size from 6-15 eggs; when incubated at 85F they hatch in approximately 275 days. Mertens’ Monitors have evolved in habitats subjected to fluctuating weather extremes, and their eggs are quite resilient – incubation periods of 180-330 […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mertens’ Water Monitor – Part 2

2010’s Amphibian Discoveries – New Species and New Information – Part 2

[…]gills, never see the light of day, do not mature until age 16, and reproduce by both laying eggs and bearing live young.  Despite their very unique natural environments, Olms do quite well in zoos, often living into their 70’s. Due to the Olm’s rarity, researchers have maintained a breeding […]
Read more » 2010’s Amphibian Discoveries – New Species and New Information – Part 2

A Frog First – the Fang-Bearing Tadpoles of the Vampire Flying Frog

[…]not to puncture veins, as their common name suggests! The unique tadpoles seem to hatch from eggs deposited in water-filled tree hollows high above the ground, but beyond that we know nothing of their natural history. Tadpole Teeth Tooth structure is an important means of identifying tadpoles, especially given that […]
Read more » A Frog First – the Fang-Bearing Tadpoles of the Vampire Flying Frog

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mertens’ Water Monitor – Part 1

[…]the breeding season.  Females dig a burrow, which terminates in a leaf-lined chamber, for their eggs. There is evidence that, at least in certain populations, gravid females migrate to small, temporary water bodies before nesting; perhaps this safeguards the young from Salt Water Crocodiles, Crocodylus porosus, and other river-dwelling predators […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mertens’ Water Monitor – Part 1

Tales of Giant Centipedes – Bat-Stalkers, Escapees and Words of Caution – Part 2

[…]referenced from wikipedia and originally posted by Eric Guinther (Marshman) Centipede protecting eggs image referenced from wikipedia and originally posted by Marshal […]
Read more » Tales of Giant Centipedes – Bat-Stalkers, Escapees and Words of Caution – Part 2

Artificial Bromeliads as Poison Frog Breeding Sites – Part 2

[…]minute pools to catch mosquito larvae, crabs that never descend to earth, tadpoles that are fed eggs by their mothers, salamanders observed nowhere else – the list of Bromeliad-dependent creatures is endless, and can provide a lifetime of interest to those who wish to study and keep them.  Further Reading […]
Read more » Artificial Bromeliads as Poison Frog Breeding Sites – Part 2

Invasive Species News – African Rock Pythons may be Breeding in Florida

[…]miles) area in Dade County.  Among the captured snakes was an 15.5 foot-long adult female with eggs forming in the oviduct, reproductively active males, and several young-of-the-year.  The ages and sexes of these snakes, and their proximity to one another, suggests a breeding population. Also notable is the fact that […]
Read more » Invasive Species News – African Rock Pythons may be Breeding in Florida

New Product – Artificial Bromeliads as Poison Frog Breeding Sites – Part 1

[…]and other plants, where they mature.  Females of several species return to deposit unfertilized eggs as food…some even wait for a signal from the tadpole before laying (please see article below). Artificial Tadpole-Rearing Pools Keeping these little gems in a terrarium furnished with live plants is ideal, but not everyone […]
Read more » New Product – Artificial Bromeliads as Poison Frog Breeding Sites – Part 1

Assassin Bugs – Captive Care and a Spider-Hunting Assassin – Part 2

[…]All Assassin Bugs, including the US natives, should be handled only with forceps.   Assassin Bug eggs and nymphs are very tiny, and usually go un-noticed – be sure to use fine grade insect screening over their terrariums to prevent escapes. Environment and Breeding Red and White-Spotted Assassins can be […]
Read more » Assassin Bugs – Captive Care and a Spider-Hunting Assassin – Part 2

A Monitor First – Male Rosenberg’s Monitors Cover and Guard Nests

[…]seem not to remain nearby).  Amazingly, in 8 instances a male joined the female in protecting the eggs. Other Rosenberg’s Monitors are the primary threat to eggs.  Females guarding nests attacked male intruders twice their own weight, and repelled them in most cases.  The vicious fights that ensued frequently left […]
Read more » A Monitor First – Male Rosenberg’s Monitors Cover and Guard Nests

The Common Musk Turtle – My Choice for Perfect Pet Turtle, with Notes on Relatives

[…]upon the latitude, with mating concentrated in the spring. The average clutch contains 2-5 eggs (range 1-9); 4 clutches per year may be produced in the southern part of the range.  The eggs are deposited in a shallow nest (muskrat lodges are favored in some areas), within decaying logs, or […]
Read more » The Common Musk Turtle – My Choice for Perfect Pet Turtle, with Notes on Relatives

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Rhinoceros Iguana

[…]In August, females excavate nesting burrows that may reach 5 or more feet in length.  Their 5-30 eggs are deposited at the end of the burrow and are guarded for at least part of the 4-5 month incubation period.  Sexual maturity is reached in 5-9 years. Diet Adults are largely […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Rhinoceros Iguana

Conservation Update – The Bizarre, Skin-Breathing Lake Titicaca Frog

[…]well on infrequent feedings (their metabolisms are incredibly slow) of minnows and earthworms, and eggs were produced a few times.  One or two clutches hatched, but the tadpoles always expired quickly.  Captive breeding was a priority, as they are found only in Lake Titicaca, 12,000 feet above sea level on […]
Read more » Conservation Update – The Bizarre, Skin-Breathing Lake Titicaca Frog

Egg-eating Snakes – Natural History and Care in Captivity

[…]is acquiring eggs to feed them. Most egg-eaters are too small to take regularly available chicken eggs. Depending on the size of your snake you may feed eggs from pigeons, Coturnix quail, doves, Button quail, or finch. Generally speaking, Coturnix quail eggs (the quail egg eaten as a delicacy) are […]
Read more » Egg-eating Snakes – Natural History and Care in Captivity

Conservationists Seek Public’s Help in Finding 100 Missing Amphibians

[…]Brooding Frog Females of this species, missing from Australia since 1985, swallow their eggs, incubate them in the stomach and “give birth” via their mouths!  Studying their ability to shut down the flow of digestive enzymes during incubation might have yielded important insights into human digestive disorders. Jackson’s Climbing Salamander […]
Read more » Conservationists Seek Public’s Help in Finding 100 Missing Amphibians

Frog Recently Discovered on Borneo is Eastern Hemisphere’s Smallest

[…]insect larvae, snails, crabs, algae and other organisms.  The newly described frogs deposit their eggs on the surface of the plant above the water, into which the tadpoles drop upon hatching.  The tadpoles, at a mere 3 millimeters in length, are also among the world’s smallest. Other Recent Discoveries A […]
Read more » Frog Recently Discovered on Borneo is Eastern Hemisphere’s Smallest

A Snake Breeder’s Delight – the African House Snake

[…]usually occurs in the spring, with healthy females producing multiple clutches of 2-16 eggs each summer and fall.  At 82 F, eggs typically hatch in 65-72 days, but a range of 55-85 days has been reported.  Hatch rates are invariably high, often approaching 100%. The young average 6-10 inches in […]
Read more » A Snake Breeder’s Delight – the African House Snake

Urban Amphibians – Endangered Axolotl Population Found in Mexico City Park

[…]cinereus) is even still to be found in Manhattan…so keep looking and learning! Further Reading Axolotl Care and Natural History Original article describing the newly-discovered Axolotl […]
Read more » Urban Amphibians – Endangered Axolotl Population Found in Mexico City Park

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Asian Flying Frog (Golden Treefrog)

[…]actively seek the water’s edge.  I’ve experimentally moved water bowls from under hatching eggs and have found that the tadpoles are indeed amazingly mobile on the ground and travel to the water’s edge with surprising speed. Lowering the terrarium’s temperature to 68F for 2 weeks, followed by a period of […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Asian Flying Frog (Golden Treefrog)

Lizard Breeding Made Easy – the Live-Bearing Swifts or Spiny Lizards – Part 2

[…]experienced lizard-keepers and zoos. Egg-Laying Swifts Several of the more popular Swifts produce eggs.  Included among these are the Eastern Fence Lizard (S. undulatus), the Western Fence Lizard (S. occidentalis) and the Desert Spiny Lizard (S. magister).  Please write in if you would like information on these and other oviparous […]
Read more » Lizard Breeding Made Easy – the Live-Bearing Swifts or Spiny Lizards – Part 2

Current Field Research – Reptile Natural History

[…]and Snapping Turtles. Texas Horned Lizard Nesting A Texas Horned Lizard was observed to leave its eggs uncovered after depositing them in the nest hole, apparently to seek shade and rest.  During the resting period, the lizard intently watched the eggs – the first such documentation of this behavior. After […]
Read more » Current Field Research – Reptile Natural History

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Fire Skink

[…]is known of the Fire Skink’s reproductive biology in the wild.  Captives produce 4-9 eggs, which are buried in moist substrate and hatch in approximately 50 days.  Males are territorial and fight if housed together. Diet Snails, spiders, centipedes, beetles, locusts and other invertebrates; fallen fruit, carrion, frogs, lizards; may […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Fire Skink

The Green Anaconda – Natural History of the World’s Largest Snake

[…]females bask far more frequently than do others, and may consume the fetal membrane and infertile eggs passed with the young.  Newborn Green Anacondas are secretive and rarely seen; little is known of their natural history. Green Anacondas – A Most Varied Diet Green Anacondas take a wider range of […]
Read more » The Green Anaconda – Natural History of the World’s Largest Snake

The Green Anaconda – Natural History of the World’s Largest Snake – Part 1

[…]females bask far more frequently than do others, and may consume the fetal membrane and infertile eggs passed with the young.  Newborn Green Anacondas are secretive and rarely seen; little is known of their natural history.     Further Reading You can read more about the research mentioned above in […]
Read more » The Green Anaconda – Natural History of the World’s Largest Snake – Part 1

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mudpuppy – Part 2

[…]while far from routine, is possible.  Mudpuppies become sexually mature at 4-6 years of age. The eggs are laid individually in a cavity below a rock or log and take 6-10 weeks to develop. The female guards the eggs during the entire incubation period. The larvae are nearly 1 inch […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mudpuppy – Part 2

Phorid or Scuttle Flies – A Common Pest in Herp and Invertebrate Collections – Part 1

[…]eggs.  This puzzled me until it was discovered me (not by me!) that the flies lay their own eggs on the shells of reptile eggs – the hatchling maggots are so tiny that they actually enter the egg via the air pores in the shell!  It’s not known whether they […]
Read more » Phorid or Scuttle Flies – A Common Pest in Herp and Invertebrate Collections – Part 1

Egg Retention (Dystocia) in Turtles – the Problem and Some Solutions – Part 2

[…]– Oxytosin and Surgery If your turtle appears to be gravid but cannot seem to deposit her eggs, prompt veterinary attention is necessary.  As mentioned in Part 1 of this article, retained eggs invariably lead to infection and, eventually, the female’s death. Oxytosin, a medication used to induce labor in human […]
Read more » Egg Retention (Dystocia) in Turtles – the Problem and Some Solutions – Part 2

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mudpuppy – Part 1

[…]capsules) on the substrate; females take these into the cloaca with the cloacal lips. The eggs, 30-90 in number, are deposited in the spring.  They are attached to the roof of a natural or self-made depression below a rock or log, and are guarded by the female until hatching occurs […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mudpuppy – Part 1

Live Bloodworms – An Important Food for Small Amphibians and Their Larvae

[…]tend to transform at the same time, and often form huge swarms.  Most species mate and lay eggs without feeding, and expire in 1-3 days. This lifestyle renders it difficult to rear Bloodworms in captivity.  I did have a colony established for a time in a large zoo exhibit, but […]
Read more » Live Bloodworms – An Important Food for Small Amphibians and Their Larvae

Egg Retention (Dystocia) in Turtles – the Problem and Some Solutions – Part 1

[…]breeding habits of this most prolific turtle. Video of a Snapping Turtle digging a nest and laying eggs. Snapping turtle laying eggs image referenced from wikipedia and originally posted by […]
Read more » Egg Retention (Dystocia) in Turtles – the Problem and Some Solutions – Part 1

Constructing a Rain Chamber – the Ultimate Amphibian Breeding Technique

[…]of cork bark might be needed as well. Keep a sponge filter or corner filter handy for use once the eggs are deposited and the adults removed. Other Techniques The Zoo Med Canister Filter comes equipped with a spray bar…I’ve not yet tried, but since the filter can be operated […]
Read more » Constructing a Rain Chamber – the Ultimate Amphibian Breeding Technique

Introducing the Nosy Be Gecko (aka Spearpoint Leaf-tailed Gecko), Part 1

[…]spring and summer. Despite being persistently arboreal, females descend to the ground and bury the eggs in moist earth or below leaf litter.  Mature eggs can be seen through the abdominal skin of the females.  The eggs hatch in 3-6 months, depending upon temperature, and the young reach adult size […]
Read more » Introducing the Nosy Be Gecko (aka Spearpoint Leaf-tailed Gecko), Part 1

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Smokey Jungle Frog – Part 1

[…]forearms). Male Smokey Jungle Frogs use their powerful rear legs to whip the jelly surrounding the eggs into a frothy mass of sperm, jelly, skin secretions, air and water.  This nest surrounds the eggs and is deposited in a natural (or possibly self-dug) depression in the ground, usually at the […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Smokey Jungle Frog – Part 1

Something New for Insect-Keepers – The Aquatic Sunburst and Green Diving Beetles – Part 2

[…]may reach 2-3 years of age. Breeding Both Sunburst and Green Diving Beetles deposit eggs on live plants. A dip in temperature and shortened light cycle for 4-6 weeks may stimulate reproduction, but is not absolutely necessary.   Some have reported consistent breeding following a “drought/rain cycle” (water level is dropped […]
Read more » Something New for Insect-Keepers – The Aquatic Sunburst and Green Diving Beetles – Part 2

Breeding the Green Basilisk and Related Species – Part 2

[…]hatchlings in large exhibits without having been aware that a nest was present. Incubating the Eggs The eggs should be removed to a reptile egg incubator set at 82-85 F.  At these temperatures, the eggs will hatch in 60-70 days.  The hatchlings average just over 5 inches in length, and […]
Read more » Breeding the Green Basilisk and Related Species – Part 2

Current Field Research – Amphibian Behavior and Natural History

[…]A Rusty Wandering Spider (Cupiennius getazi) was photographed while consuming Red-Eyed Treefrog eggs, which had been deposited on a leaf overhanging a small pond.  Interestingly, the spider appeared to defend its food source. The eggs did not spontaneously hatch when disturbed by the spider, as they do when attacked by […]
Read more » Current Field Research – Amphibian Behavior and Natural History

Something New for Insect-keepers – Sunburst and Green Diving Beetles – Part 1

[…]insects that have fallen into the water and carrion are also taken. Reproduction Diving Beetle eggs are attached to aquatic plants.  The elongated, aquatic larvae are known as “Water Tigers” and, equipped with out-sized jaws, attack prey much larger than themselves.  The larvae pupate on land – in mud at […]
Read more » Something New for Insect-keepers – Sunburst and Green Diving Beetles – Part 1

Breeding the Green (Plumed) Basilisk and Related Species – Part 1

[…]both produced quite large clutches, as I remeber – perhaps they were in a hurry!). Seven to 15 eggs (average 10), laid at 3-5 minute intervals, will be deposited in the nest hole, which is then carefully re-filled with soil through the use of both front and rear legs.   […]
Read more » Breeding the Green (Plumed) Basilisk and Related Species – Part 1

The Keeled Box Turtle – a Hardy Species in Need of Captive Breeding – Part 2

[…]they may seriously injure females if not monitored closely. A typical clutch contains 1-5 eggs, which hatch after an incubation period of 97-108 days at a temperature of 82F.  The carapace of the hatchlings, attractively marked in dark brown with a bright orange rim, is 1.4-1.6 inches long. Diet Keeled […]
Read more » The Keeled Box Turtle – a Hardy Species in Need of Captive Breeding – Part 2

Rough and Smooth Green Snakes – Beautiful Insect-Eaters for Planted Terrariums – Part 1

[…]people report that both species often occur at high densities in certain areas, and that the eggs of many females may be found together.  Interestingly, students of mine consistently claim to have observed Rough Green Snakes in abandoned lots in NYC (Bronx), but I have been unable to confirm this. […]
Read more » Rough and Smooth Green Snakes – Beautiful Insect-Eaters for Planted Terrariums – Part 1

New Form of Communication Revealed – Plant-Vibrating Red-Eyed Treefrogs

[…]to uncover further surprises. Further Reading Vibrations are also important to this species’ eggs – they hatch spontaneously when attacked by snakes. Read more here. For more info on frog hand signals, please see The Unique Panamanian Golden Frog.   Red eyed Tree Frog (second image) image referenced from wikipedia and originally […]
Read more » New Form of Communication Revealed – Plant-Vibrating Red-Eyed Treefrogs

Feeding Dwarf African Clawed Frogs

[…]a well-planted aquarium, a group will provide much of interest to observe – and, perhaps, even eggs (more on breeding next time). Further Reading For more on Dwarf Frog care, please see: Distinguishing the African from the Dwarf African Clawed Frog Live Foods: Worms and Worm Look-alikes […]

Meet the Green Frog – Typical “Pond Frog” of the USA – Part 2

[…]due to shoreline development and the introduction of Bass, Carp and other fishes, which consume eggs and tadpoles. In recent years, deformed Green Frogs have been found in ever-increasing numbers.  The cause is unknown, but pesticide or other chemical pollution is suspected.  Farm ponds usually have a higher incidence of […]
Read more » Meet the Green Frog – Typical “Pond Frog” of the USA – Part 2

Large, Colorful Monitor Lizard Discovered – the Second New Monitor This Month!

[…]to the Forest Monitor, appears to consume a more traditional monitor diet of birds and their eggs, small mammals, invertebrates and carrion. Further Reading The official announcement of the new species and photographs are posted on the website of the University of California, Santa Barbara.   Black Tree Monitor image […]
Read more » Large, Colorful Monitor Lizard Discovered – the Second New Monitor This Month!

New Edition of Newts and Salamanders, A Complete Pet Owner’s Manual, is Published

[…]is a small sample of the newts and salamanders that are discussed at length: Eastern Newt Mexican Axolotl Olm Tiger, Spotted and Marbled Salamanders Hellbender Lesser and Dwarf Siren Red-Backed Salamander Mudpuppy Fire Salamander One, Two and Three Toed Amphiumas California Newt Fire Bellied Newt Dusky Salamander Spanish Ribbed Newt […]
Read more » New Edition of Newts and Salamanders, A Complete Pet Owner’s Manual, is Published

The Natural History of the Leopard Tortoise – Part 1

[…]are often surprised to find that males are surprisingly vocal during copulation! Females lay eggs from May-October, often taking over 2 hours to dig the nest hole; 5-7 clutches of 5-30 eggs each may be produced each year.  Egg output is related to the size and condition of the female […]
Read more » The Natural History of the Leopard Tortoise – Part 1

Choosing the Ideal Substrate for Reptiles, Amphibians and Invertebrates – Part 1

[…]are likely to lay eggs within the terrarium, the substrate should be of a type that will allow the eggs to thrive until discovered.  The tiny eggs of many geckos and anoles are easy to miss, and may desiccate if deposited in a dry area. Live Plants: the needs of […]
Read more » Choosing the Ideal Substrate for Reptiles, Amphibians and Invertebrates – Part 1

Breeding the Green and Gold Bell Frog and Welcoming its Extinct Relative – Part 2

[…]producing huge egg masses shortly thereafter.  I estimated the average clutch to contain 500-600 eggs, but up to 12,000 eggs have been reported as being produced by a single female. The eggs hatched in 4 days at 78F, and the tadpoles were among the most ravenous I’ve ever encountered – […]
Read more » Breeding the Green and Gold Bell Frog and Welcoming its Extinct Relative – Part 2

Amphibian Breeding Migrations – Protecting a Spectacular Rite of Spring – Part 2

[…]and others such as Marbled Salamanders, most Treefrogs and Toads, and many Newts, deposit their eggs in temporary pools of water that form in late winter and dry out by mid-summer.  By avoiding permanent bodies of water, they remove the threat of fish predation upon themselves and their eggs and […]
Read more » Amphibian Breeding Migrations – Protecting a Spectacular Rite of Spring – Part 2

Amazing Fossil Confirms that Ancient Snakes Consumed Dinosaurs

[…]The most dramatic I’ve seen (many times!) depicts a small dinosaur incubating a clutch of eggs, and is on exhibit at the American Museum of Natural History. Further Reading Please see my article on Titanoboa to learn about a 43-foot-long, 2,500 pound Anaconda ancestor. You can see a re-creation of […]
Read more » Amazing Fossil Confirms that Ancient Snakes Consumed Dinosaurs

Amphibian Breeding Migrations – Protecting a Spectacular Rite of Spring – Part 1

[…]vernal (temporary) ponds in which to reproduce, as these cannot support fishes, the main enemy of eggs and larvae.  In many cases, the “ponds” are mere depressions that fill with rain for a few weeks, and then dry out. One of my favorite sites was just such a pond on […]
Read more » Amphibian Breeding Migrations – Protecting a Spectacular Rite of Spring – Part 1

First Completely Monogamous Amphibian Identified – the Mimic Poison Frog

[…]up to 6 tadpoles to individual pools at the bases of bromeliads (like all Dendrobatids, their eggs are deposited on land) and call to their mates when feeding time arrives.  The female then visits the pool and deposits an unfertilized egg, which is consumed by the tadpole. The Effect of […]
Read more » First Completely Monogamous Amphibian Identified – the Mimic Poison Frog

Habits and Husbandry of the New Caledonia Giant Gecko

[…]them to bark within hollows and beneath bark.  Oddly enough, captives almost always deposit their eggs on the ground, even when provided with seemingly suitable arboreal sites. The eggs hatch in 40-60 days. One member of the genus, R. l. trachyrhynchus, gives birth to live young. Diet Fruit, sap, nectar, […]
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The Chuckwalla – a Hardy, Personable Candidate for the Desert Terrarium – Part 2

[…]and is listed on CITES Appendix I. Reproduction Mating takes place in May-June, with 5-16 eggs being laid (buried in the sand) in June-August.  In the wild, females usually breed every other year, but captives may lay a clutch yearly. Diet, Natural and Captive Chuckwallas are largely herbivorous, consuming the […]
Read more » The Chuckwalla – a Hardy, Personable Candidate for the Desert Terrarium – Part 2

The Natural History and Care of Newts – Japanese and Chinese Fire-bellied Newts

[…]spermatophore is picked up by the female’s cloacal lips in typical salamander fashion. Eggs are individually attached to aquatic plants, with the tip of a leaf folded over each egg by the female. The incubation period is short, generally less than 2 weeks. The larvae sport external gills and are […]
Read more » The Natural History and Care of Newts – Japanese and Chinese Fire-bellied Newts

Breeding the Green Iguana – Indoor and Outdoor Nest Sites – Part 1

[…]site, but its better to induce them to lay in a specific place, so that you can easily remove the eggs for incubation (it’s difficult to successfully incubate eggs in an outdoor nest). Constructing an Outdoor Nest Site Gravid females will be drawn to dark, moist, protected nesting sites that […]
Read more » Breeding the Green Iguana – Indoor and Outdoor Nest Sites – Part 1

The Complex Life of a Common Pet – the Terrestrial or Caribbean Hermit Crab

[…]unique organs located on her 4th pair of legs.  She then remains on land carrying her fertilized eggs for a month or so before heading to the sea. In most populations, all gravid (egg-bearing) females march seaward at the same time, resulting in quite a spectacle.  This may be an […]
Read more » The Complex Life of a Common Pet – the Terrestrial or Caribbean Hermit Crab

The Natural History and Captive Care of Newts – Part 1

[…]breeding season, another characteristic that endears them to herptoculturists.  All deposit their eggs in water.  Newts generally spend about half of the year in water, but some exhibit a unique three-stage lifestyle – aquatic larvae, terrestrial sub-adults (or Efts) and fully-aquatic adults. Newts produce virulent skin toxins such as Tarichatoxin.  […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of Newts – Part 1

Licensed Wildlife Rehabilitators – Helping Injured Amphibians and Reptiles

[…]expertise.  In my work as a rehabilitator, I have been involved in removing and incubating eggs from road-killed Diamondback Terrapins, fashioning a “skateboard” for a 3-legged Ornate Box Turtle and a partial plastic carapace for a Gopher Tortoise, and many other interesting rescue efforts.  Marine and freshwater species are also […]
Read more » Licensed Wildlife Rehabilitators – Helping Injured Amphibians and Reptiles

Breeding Brazilian, Columbian and other Rainbow Boas in Captivity

[…]snake breeders start off with live-bearing species, so as to avoid the necessity of incubating eggs.  In the Family Boidae we find a wide range of possibilities, one of the most popular of which is the beautiful Rainbow Boa (Epicrates cenchria). Although not as widely kept as its much larger […]
Read more » Breeding Brazilian, Columbian and other Rainbow Boas in Captivity

Breeding the Common Kingsnake and it’s Relatives

[…]in late summer or early fall.  Clutch size varies from 3-21, with 9 eggs being the average. Eggs and Hatchlings Eggs incubated in moist vermiculite (use a vermiculite: water ratio of 1:1 by weight – please see article below for details) at 82 F will hatch in 45-75 days.  The […]
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Garter Snakes in Captivity – Diet and Species Accounts – Part 4

[…]Aquatic Garter Snake (T. c. gigas) approaches 5 feet in length.  Aquatic Garter Snakes add fish eggs and leeches to their diets on occasion. Plains Garter Snake, T. radix The emergence of thousands of plains garter snakes from hibernation is a tourist attraction in parts of southern Canada.  A toad […]
Read more » Garter Snakes in Captivity – Diet and Species Accounts – Part 4

A Most Unusual Lizard – the Crocodile, Armored or Casque-headed Skink

[…]female Crocodile Skinks may produce up to 6 eggs each year. Female Crocodile Skinks guard their eggs during the 70 day incubation period.  In captivity they cover the eggs with substrate when foraging and lunge at intruders.  The hatchlings stay in close proximity to the female for approximately 2 weeks.  […]
Read more » A Most Unusual Lizard – the Crocodile, Armored or Casque-headed Skink

The Mantellas – Madagascar’s Answer to the Dendrobatids (Poison Frogs)

[…]or in trees, are protected by virulent skin toxins, exhibit complex breeding behaviors, and lay eggs in on land. Mantella reproductive strategies roughly follow those of the Poison Frogs.  Males call during the day from exposed sites on land – light markings on the vocal sacs may serve as a […]
Read more » The Mantellas – Madagascar’s Answer to the Dendrobatids (Poison Frogs)

The Black Pine Snake – the Rarest Species in a Well-known Group

[…]in both zoos and the private sector. Reproduction Mating occurs in the spring, and 3-24 eggs are laid in June-August.  The clutch is hidden in a burrow or, less frequently, below a rock or log.  The young hatch in 64-79 days at 12-18 inches in length. Diet The natural diet […]
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Breeding the Great Crested Newt, Triturus cristatus – Part 2

[…]their tails, and eventually pick up the spermatophore that the male has dropped. Several hundred eggs are laid, each being individually attached to an aquatic plant. Females use their rear legs to bend a plant leaf around each egg – quite an ordeal, and well-worth watching! Adults may consume eggs […]
Read more » Breeding the Great Crested Newt, Triturus cristatus – Part 2

Common Problems When Raising Toads – Bloating and Paralysis

[…]many tadpoles will not survive even under the best of circumstances.  Some turtles lay infertile eggs, apparently to satiate predators and take attention away from viable ones – I have no hard evidence, but I would not be surprised to learn that weaker tadpoles serve a similar function. Feeding Tadpoles […]
Read more » Common Problems When Raising Toads – Bloating and Paralysis

Breeding the Great Crested Newt, Triturus cristatus – Part 1

[…]An increase in water depth may stimulate breeding outside of the normal cycle, but fewer viable eggs will be produced). Upon emergence from hibernation, the newts should be housed in aquarium, or their terrestrial terrarium should be modified to provide a large water area. Resting sites such as cork bark […]
Read more » Breeding the Great Crested Newt, Triturus cristatus – Part 1

The Crocodile Monitor Lizard – Reality and Legend

[…]renders it a conservation concern.  Listed on CITES Appendix II. Reproduction Females lay 6-12 eggs at a time, and up to 3 clutches per year in captivity (multiple clutches may be a function of food availability), with arboreal nest sites being favored.  In common with other tree-dwelling monitors, they likely […]
Read more » The Crocodile Monitor Lizard – Reality and Legend

Interesting Facts and the Care of the Senegal Chameleon

[…]enough to obtain a breeding pair, you’ll have your hands full…healthy females may lay 20-70 eggs at a time, twice each year!  Incubation time averages 6 months at 77 F, and sexual maturity may be reached by 5 months of age. The Smooth Chameleon The range of East Africa’s Smooth […]
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Research Note – Amazing Parental Care Supplied by Mountain Chicken Frogs

[…]oophagus (egg-eating) poison frog tadpoles, the chicken frog larvae do not wait until the eggs are actually deposited, but rather swarm about the female’s cloaca, eating ravenously as the eggs emerge.  It’s quite a scene! A Taxing Time for Mom Subsequent research has revealed that the harried mother uses her […]
Read more » Research Note – Amazing Parental Care Supplied by Mountain Chicken Frogs

The Western Hognose Snake – a Toad Specialist That Can do without Toads

[…]hog nose snakes take young ground nesting birds, mice, shrews, toads, lizards, snakes and reptile eggs. In one study, they were found to be a major predator on Pacific pond turtle nests. Those I’ve kept have done very well on small mice and quail eggs. Other Interesting Facts This snake’s […]
Read more » The Western Hognose Snake – a Toad Specialist That Can do without Toads

The Unique, Endangered Panamanian Golden Frog or Harlequin Toad – Part 1

[…]territory are attacked, and a wrestling bout ensues. Eggs A single egg strand, containing 200-650 eggs, is laid by each female. The egg strand is attached to a large rock, which protects it from fast currents. The eggs hatch in 7-10 days. Tadpoles The tadpoles are dark with golden flecks […]
Read more » The Unique, Endangered Panamanian Golden Frog or Harlequin Toad – Part 1

Corn Snake Notes: History, Breeding Preparations, Color Phases – Part 1

[…]small clutches and weak offspring. Mating occurs from March to June in most regions, with the eggs being laid 25-50 days thereafter. A second clutch may be produced in late summer/early fall. An average clutch consists of 16 eggs, but may range from 6-26. At 82 F, incubation time averages […]
Read more » Corn Snake Notes: History, Breeding Preparations, Color Phases – Part 1

Egg Size, Temperature and Genes Determine Lizard Hatchlings’ Sex

[…]of Sydney biologists have revealed that large skink eggs develop into females, while small eggs become males.  Furthermore, removing yolk from a large egg resulted in a male hatchling, despite the fact that female genes were present; adding yolk to a small egg over-rode the effect of the male genes […]
Read more » Egg Size, Temperature and Genes Determine Lizard Hatchlings’ Sex

Conservation Update: Endangered Anderson’s Salamanders Bred by US Hobbyists

[…]http://www.mexico-herps.com/caudata/ambystoma/ambystoma-andersoni. For information on the Mexican axolotl, please see my article The Natural History and Care of the Mexican Axolotl http://blogs.thatpetplace.com/thatreptileblog/2008/12/19/the-natural-history-and-captive-care-of-the-mexican-axolotl-ambystoma-mexicanum-natural-history-part-1/. Photos courtesy of Michael […]
Read more » Conservation Update: Endangered Anderson’s Salamanders Bred by US Hobbyists

Breeding White’s Treefrogs and White-Lipped Treefrogs – Part 2

[…]the sexes, preparation for breeding and egg-laying. The Tadpoles At 80-85 F, White’s treefrog eggs will begin to hatch in 24-40 hours. The tadpoles remain largely inactive for the first 1-3 days, during which time they should not be fed. Once they begin moving about, food should always be available. […]
Read more » Breeding White’s Treefrogs and White-Lipped Treefrogs – Part 2

Pitfall Traps – Part 2 – Caterpillar Hunter Beetles in the Terrarium

[…]a single beetle may consume 7-10 caterpillars each day, and each female produces 800-1,000 eggs. Captive Husbandry Caterpillar hunters make fascinating terrarium subjects.  Clad in beautiful iridescent colors, most are not at all shy about revealing a range of interesting behaviors.  They do well at normal room temperatures and can […]
Read more » Pitfall Traps – Part 2 – Caterpillar Hunter Beetles in the Terrarium

Millipede Diets – Feeding the Giant African Millipede and its Relatives – Part 1

[…]consists of coconut husk  and top soil.  Millipedes need to burrow, especially when laying eggs and molting, so keep at least 4-6 inches of substrate available to them.  A layer of gravel at the terrarium’s bottom will assist in drainage. Dietary Variety As we know little about the actual nutritional […]
Read more » Millipede Diets – Feeding the Giant African Millipede and its Relatives – Part 1
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