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Urban Amphibians – Endangered Axolotl Population Found in Mexico City Park

[…]cinereus) is even still to be found in Manhattan…so keep looking and learning! Further Reading Axolotl Care and Natural History Original article describing the newly-discovered Axolotl […]
Read more » Urban Amphibians – Endangered Axolotl Population Found in Mexico City Park

Amphibian Update: Mexican Axolotls Kick off the Spring Breeding Season

[…]air pump that provides just enough aeration to keep the eggs slightly in motion. Providing Cover Axolotl eggs are typically attached to plants or other structures, as seen in the accompanying photo.  Once they begin to hatch, I’ll add additional plants, nearly filling the tank so as to separate the larvae […]
Read more » Amphibian Update: Mexican Axolotls Kick off the Spring Breeding Season

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mexican Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum: Natural History – Part 2

[…]insects and other invertebrates and small fish. Adults are major predators upon small axolotls and axolotl eggs. The larvae are largely carnivorous, but may consume some algae as well. Their main predators are herons and other wading birds, fishes and larger axolotls. Reproduction Males deposit spermatophores (sperm-filled capsules) on the […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mexican Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum: Natural History – Part 2

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mexican Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum: Natural History – Part 1

[…]subject. Please note: the aquatic larvae of all species of salamanders are termed “axolotls” in some references, i.e. as in “tiger salamander axolotls”. The name as used here refers to young and adult Ambystoma mexicanum only. Classification Class: Amphibia Order: Caudata Family: Ambystomatidae A complex of a dozen or more […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mexican Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum: Natural History – Part 1

Breeding Mexican Axolotls – Ambystoma mexicanum

[…]eggs are a great concern among many captive amphibians, although I have not run into such with axolotls. The Eggs Please see the Natural History of Axolotls for details on courtship and mating.  Females have been observed to pick up several spermatophores during the night, although it is not clear all are […]
Read more » Breeding Mexican Axolotls – Ambystoma mexicanum

Conservation Update: Endangered Anderson’s Salamanders Bred by US Hobbyists

[…]http://www.mexico-herps.com/caudata/ambystoma/ambystoma-andersoni. For information on the Mexican axolotl, please see my article The Natural History and Care of the Mexican Axolotl http://blogs.thatpetplace.com/thatreptileblog/2008/12/19/the-natural-history-and-captive-care-of-the-mexican-axolotl-ambystoma-mexicanum-natural-history-part-1/. Photos courtesy of Michael […]
Read more » Conservation Update: Endangered Anderson’s Salamanders Bred by US Hobbyists

Captive Care of the Mexican Axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum – Part 1

[…]bulb is best used for illumination, as it will not add significantly to water temperature.  Axolotls do not need a source of UVB light. Axolotls are native to cool, high-altitude lakes, and do best at water temperatures of 62-70 F, with a dip to 50-52 F in winter, if possible.  […]
Read more » Captive Care of the Mexican Axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum – Part 1

Captive Care of the Mexican Axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum – Part 2

[…]the “normal” rules…at least not as I learned them!  Recently, bio-engineered axolotls that glow fluorescent green have appeared in the trade. Rearing axolotls in the lab differs in some respects from home care, but much of value is contained in the protocols of institutions maintaining large research colonies.  You can […]
Read more » Captive Care of the Mexican Axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum – Part 2

Salamanders and Cell Regeneration – How Do They Regrow Limbs?

[…]scar healing, and the regeneration of human tissue.     Further Reading Mexican Axolotl Natural History and Captive Care Endangered Axolotls Found in Mexico City […]
Read more » Salamanders and Cell Regeneration – How Do They Regrow Limbs?

Incubating Reptile Eggs – A Simple Method of Monitoring Moisture Content

[…]the weight (and date) on the cover. The cover should not be ventilated – for most reptile eggs, a once- daily check provides enough oxygen exchange (ventilation may need to be increased for large numbers of eggs once hatching time nears – please write in if unsure). Keeping Track of […]
Read more » Incubating Reptile Eggs – A Simple Method of Monitoring Moisture Content

Amphibian Medicine – Cold “Resurrects” Hellbender and Sick Frogs

[…]years after its “near-death experience”. Other interesting experiences have involved Mexican Axolotls.  An individual in my collection became bloated and was unable to submerge.  A veterinarian who worked with me at the Bronx Zoo prescribed Itraconizole and other medications, but the infection proved resistant to all.  I refrigerated the animal […]
Read more » Amphibian Medicine – Cold “Resurrects” Hellbender and Sick Frogs

Turtle and Tortoise Eggs – Knowing When She is Ready to Lay

[…]below if you need a reference to a local veterinarian experienced in turtle care. Hatching the Eggs While the eggs of Common Snapping Turtles and other consummate survivors will often do well at room temperatures (in a hot room, in summer), a reptile egg incubator will  greatly simplify the hatching […]
Read more » Turtle and Tortoise Eggs – Knowing When She is Ready to Lay

Caring for Reptiles and Amphibians: Useful Foods, Medications and other Products from the Aquarium Trade – Introduction and Feeding Accessories

[…]Choke Hazards I came upon the idea of using the Cone Worm Feeder many years ago when raising axolotl and red-spotted newt larvae.  I fed them largely upon live blackworms, which always clump together, even when finely chopped.  I found that larvae of both species sometimes choked to death while […]
Read more » Caring for Reptiles and Amphibians: Useful Foods, Medications and other Products from the Aquarium Trade – Introduction and Feeding Accessories

New Edition of Newts and Salamanders, A Complete Pet Owner’s Manual, is Published

[…]is a small sample of the newts and salamanders that are discussed at length: Eastern Newt Mexican Axolotl Olm Tiger, Spotted and Marbled Salamanders Hellbender Lesser and Dwarf Siren Red-Backed Salamander Mudpuppy Fire Salamander One, Two and Three Toed Amphiumas California Newt Fire Bellied Newt Dusky Salamander Spanish Ribbed Newt […]
Read more » New Edition of Newts and Salamanders, A Complete Pet Owner’s Manual, is Published

Research Notes – Hourglass Treefrogs (Dendropsophus ebraccatum) can choose either land or water as egg deposition sites

[…]to show such reproductive flexibility. When breeding near shaded ponds, hourglass frogs lay their eggs on tree leaves overhanging the water (the tadpoles drop into the water upon hatching), thus avoiding fish and other aquatic predators.  However, when utilizing ponds exposed to the sun, the majority of the frogs lay […]
Read more » Research Notes – Hourglass Treefrogs (Dendropsophus ebraccatum) can choose either land or water as egg deposition sites

Egg Retention (Dystocia) in Turtles – the Problem and Some Solutions – Part 1

[…]breeding habits of this most prolific turtle. Video of a Snapping Turtle digging a nest and laying eggs. Snapping turtle laying eggs image referenced from wikipedia and originally posted by […]
Read more » Egg Retention (Dystocia) in Turtles – the Problem and Some Solutions – Part 1

Caution – Female Turtles, even if Unmated, Must be Provided with a Nest Site

[…]is continually added to the retained eggs, draining the female’s supplies and rendering the eggs ever-more difficult to pass. Eventually, the eggs will break and/or decay, and an infection known as egg yolk peritonitis will set in.  If untreated, the female will die. Determining if your Turtle is Gravid Another […]
Read more » Caution – Female Turtles, even if Unmated, Must be Provided with a Nest Site

Egg-eating Snakes – Natural History and Care in Captivity

[…]is acquiring eggs to feed them. Most egg-eaters are too small to take regularly available chicken eggs. Depending on the size of your snake you may feed eggs from pigeons, Coturnix quail, doves, Button quail, or finch. Generally speaking, Coturnix quail eggs (the quail egg eaten as a delicacy) are […]
Read more » Egg-eating Snakes – Natural History and Care in Captivity

Breeding the Common Kingsnake and it’s Relatives

[…]in late summer or early fall.  Clutch size varies from 3-21, with 9 eggs being the average. Eggs and Hatchlings Eggs incubated in moist vermiculite (use a vermiculite: water ratio of 1:1 by weight – please see article below for details) at 82 F will hatch in 45-75 days.  The […]
Read more » Breeding the Common Kingsnake and it’s Relatives

Breeding the Green Basilisk and Related Species – Part 2

[…]hatchlings in large exhibits without having been aware that a nest was present. Incubating the Eggs The eggs should be removed to a reptile egg incubator set at 82-85 F.  At these temperatures, the eggs will hatch in 60-70 days.  The hatchlings average just over 5 inches in length, and […]
Read more » Breeding the Green Basilisk and Related Species – Part 2

Phorid or Scuttle Flies – A Common Pest in Herp and Invertebrate Collections – Part 1

[…]eggs.  This puzzled me until it was discovered me (not by me!) that the flies lay their own eggs on the shells of reptile eggs – the hatchling maggots are so tiny that they actually enter the egg via the air pores in the shell!  It’s not known whether they […]
Read more » Phorid or Scuttle Flies – A Common Pest in Herp and Invertebrate Collections – Part 1

Mate Selection and Sperm Competition in the Painted Dragon, Ctenophorus pictus, and Other Reptiles

[…]on the Venezuelan llanos. In many different animals, sperm can remain alive and able to fertilize eggs for years to come. Queen termites mate once and somehow produce fertilized eggs for up to 20 years after! Further information concerning research with this species at Wollongong University is available […]
Read more » Mate Selection and Sperm Competition in the Painted Dragon, Ctenophorus pictus, and Other Reptiles

Breeding the Green Iguana – Indoor and Outdoor Nest Sites – Part 1

[…]site, but its better to induce them to lay in a specific place, so that you can easily remove the eggs for incubation (it’s difficult to successfully incubate eggs in an outdoor nest). Constructing an Outdoor Nest Site Gravid females will be drawn to dark, moist, protected nesting sites that […]
Read more » Breeding the Green Iguana – Indoor and Outdoor Nest Sites – Part 1

Urban Herping – Finding Snakes in New York City

[…]be the oddest urban herp experience – Hunting Alligators in NYC’s Sewers. Urban Amphibians: Axolotls Found in Mexico City Park  Snakes of NY: Photos and Information Snakes in Indian Cities   Milksnake image referenced from wikipedia and originally posted by […]
Read more » Urban Herping – Finding Snakes in New York City

Ant Mimicry in the Giant Spiny Stick Insect (Macleay’s Spectre), Extatosoma tiaratum: An Unbelievable Survival Strategy

[…]captiulum’s collar is a favored food of ants of the genus Leptomyrmex. The ants carry the eggs into their nest, where the collar is eaten. The stick insect’s eggs are then discarded in the ant colony’s underground rubbish pile, where, protected from predators and the fires that regularly ravage the […]
Read more » Ant Mimicry in the Giant Spiny Stick Insect (Macleay’s Spectre), Extatosoma tiaratum: An Unbelievable Survival Strategy

Providing Clean Water to Reptiles and Amphibians – The Nitrogen Cycle

[…]that most amphibians, especially largely-aquatic species such as African Clawed Frogs and Mexican Axolotls, absorb water and dissolved chemicals over a much greater surface area than do fishes (scale-less fishes, such as eels, loaches and most catfishes, are similar to amphibians in this regard).  In fact, when we administer fish […]
Read more » Providing Clean Water to Reptiles and Amphibians – The Nitrogen Cycle

Egg Retention (Dystocia) in Turtles – the Problem and Some Solutions – Part 2

[…]– Oxytosin and Surgery If your turtle appears to be gravid but cannot seem to deposit her eggs, prompt veterinary attention is necessary.  As mentioned in Part 1 of this article, retained eggs invariably lead to infection and, eventually, the female’s death. Oxytosin, a medication used to induce labor in human […]
Read more » Egg Retention (Dystocia) in Turtles – the Problem and Some Solutions – Part 2

Research Note – Amazing Parental Care Supplied by Mountain Chicken Frogs

[…]oophagus (egg-eating) poison frog tadpoles, the chicken frog larvae do not wait until the eggs are actually deposited, but rather swarm about the female’s cloaca, eating ravenously as the eggs emerge.  It’s quite a scene! A Taxing Time for Mom Subsequent research has revealed that the harried mother uses her […]
Read more » Research Note – Amazing Parental Care Supplied by Mountain Chicken Frogs

Sheltopusik or Eurasian Glass Lizard History and Care

[…]beetles, spiders, grasshoppers, caterpillars, mice, shrews, voles, ground nesting birds and their eggs, small snakes, lizards and their eggs, and carrion. Averaging 2-3 feet in length, exceptionally large specimens can top 4 feet. Glass lizards, as their name implies, quickly autotomize (shed) their tails when handled or captured by a […]
Read more » Sheltopusik or Eurasian Glass Lizard History and Care

Introducing the Nosy Be Gecko (aka Spearpoint Leaf-tailed Gecko), Part 1

[…]spring and summer. Despite being persistently arboreal, females descend to the ground and bury the eggs in moist earth or below leaf litter.  Mature eggs can be seen through the abdominal skin of the females.  The eggs hatch in 3-6 months, depending upon temperature, and the young reach adult size […]
Read more » Introducing the Nosy Be Gecko (aka Spearpoint Leaf-tailed Gecko), Part 1

Frog Facts: First Discovery of Egg Care by a Southeast Asian Treefrog

[…]the male provides most or all of the parental care (please see photo of male Midwife Toad carrying eggs).  Such eggs are generally deposited on land, and direct development (from egg to small frog) is typical. Chiromantis hansenae, by contrast, produces many tiny eggs and deposits them above-ground, and tadpoles […]
Read more » Frog Facts: First Discovery of Egg Care by a Southeast Asian Treefrog

Skinks Surprise Researchers – Baby Lizards Hatch Early When Disturbed

[…]eggs sent danger signals, apparently via vibration, to the youngsters within.  (Red-Eyed Treefrog eggs are attached to leaves overhanging a pond.  When under attack, tadpoles burst from their eggs, fall into the water, and swim off). It is not known whether other of the Delicate Skink’s 10 relatives, collectively known […]
Read more » Skinks Surprise Researchers – Baby Lizards Hatch Early When Disturbed

Frog News – Land-Dwelling Tadpole Lives in Trees and Feeds on Wood

[…]Frog and certain other tadpoles develop within a moisture-retaining nest. The Brown Leaping Frog eggs were at least 10 feet from water, and not in a position to be carried there by rain.  Also, this was the first time any frog has been observed attaching eggs to tree bark. A […]
Read more » Frog News – Land-Dwelling Tadpole Lives in Trees and Feeds on Wood

Algae and Salamander Eggs – an odd partnership

Spring in the northeastern USA is prime time for amphibian watchers. Its arrival is most noticeably announced by frogs – first by spring peepers, Pseudacris crucifer and wood frogs, Rana (Lithobates) sylvaticus, with a succession of others following close behind. However, the season’s earliest greeters are silent. I have observed […]
Read more » Algae and Salamander Eggs – an odd partnership

Breeding a Skin-Brooding Amphibian: the Surinam Toad (Pipa pipa)

[…]captive breeding seemed to have occurred in the 1950’s. Courtship and Fertilization of the Eggs One female was in breeding condition, as evidenced by the circular, swollen ring about her cloaca and the dark brood patch on her back. Several males were giving forth their metallic, clicking breeding calls, so […]
Read more » Breeding a Skin-Brooding Amphibian: the Surinam Toad (Pipa pipa)

African Clawed Frog, Xenopus laevis, Behavior – has anyone else observed this?

[…]to induce egg laying. Odder still, however, was the fact that a male placed in the tank with the eggs (and without the female) on the following day fertilized the eggs. He was in breeding condition, as evidenced by the rough “nuptial pads” along his forearms, and perhaps was responding […]
Read more » African Clawed Frog, Xenopus laevis, Behavior – has anyone else observed this?

Green Iguanas and Raccoons in Southern Florida….an Interesting Dilemma – Part 2

[…]gray foxes, night herons, alligators and other animals prey upon iguanas, only raccoons take eggs, hatchlings and sub-adults in significant numbers. Iguanas…Here to Stay? Young iguanas are now especially common at the site, pointing towards an even greater population increase in the future. Hand-collection, although possible, is a daunting task, […]
Read more » Green Iguanas and Raccoons in Southern Florida….an Interesting Dilemma – Part 2

The Western Hognose Snake – a Toad Specialist That Can do without Toads

[…]hog nose snakes take young ground nesting birds, mice, shrews, toads, lizards, snakes and reptile eggs. In one study, they were found to be a major predator on Pacific pond turtle nests. Those I’ve kept have done very well on small mice and quail eggs. Other Interesting Facts This snake’s […]
Read more » The Western Hognose Snake – a Toad Specialist That Can do without Toads

Current Field Research – Amphibian Behavior and Natural History

[…]A Rusty Wandering Spider (Cupiennius getazi) was photographed while consuming Red-Eyed Treefrog eggs, which had been deposited on a leaf overhanging a small pond.  Interestingly, the spider appeared to defend its food source. The eggs did not spontaneously hatch when disturbed by the spider, as they do when attacked by […]
Read more » Current Field Research – Amphibian Behavior and Natural History

Breeding the Pancake Tortoise, Malacochersus tornieri, in captivity – Part 2

[…]of water. The substrate should be placed within a small Tupperware or similar container and the eggs half-buried into the substrate. Weigh the container, with substrate and eggs inside, and note this figure on the container’s lid. Re-weigh once each week – any drop in weight is the result of […]
Read more » Breeding the Pancake Tortoise, Malacochersus tornieri, in captivity – Part 2

Egg Size, Temperature and Genes Determine Lizard Hatchlings’ Sex

[…]of Sydney biologists have revealed that large skink eggs develop into females, while small eggs become males.  Furthermore, removing yolk from a large egg resulted in a male hatchling, despite the fact that female genes were present; adding yolk to a small egg over-rode the effect of the male genes […]
Read more » Egg Size, Temperature and Genes Determine Lizard Hatchlings’ Sex

The Natural History of the Ball Python, Python regius: Ball Pythons in the Wild – Part 2

[…]species have been shown to actively raise the temperature of their clutch by coiling about the eggs and “shivering”.  In captive situations, I have observed incubating female blood pythons (Python curtus) and Burmese pythons (P. molurus bivittatus) to raise their eggs by 7F above the ambient air temperature.  Field research […]
Read more » The Natural History of the Ball Python, Python regius: Ball Pythons in the Wild – Part 2

The Best Reptile Egg Incubator – the Zoo Med Reptibator

[…]to manipulate the hatchlings’ sexes.  Please post below for further information. When removing eggs from a terrarium, be sure to make a small pencil mark at the top of each, so that they are not accidentally rotated.  Oils from the skin can clog air pores, so use powder free gloves […]
Read more » The Best Reptile Egg Incubator – the Zoo Med Reptibator

Methylene Blue as a Treatment Option for Fungal, Protozoan and Bacterial Infections in Frogs and Salamanders: Amphibian Health

[…]dose and a soak time of approximately 1 hour – gradually increasing both if necessary.  For eggs, I dilute the Methylene Blue in water and then use an eye dropper to place it on the eggs (approximately 1 drop per 2 inch square of egg mass). Treated amphibians will be […]
Read more » Methylene Blue as a Treatment Option for Fungal, Protozoan and Bacterial Infections in Frogs and Salamanders: Amphibian Health

Breeding the African Clawed Frog

[…]efforts and very willing to consume their progeny. Amazingly, a female in my collection deposited eggs without entering amplexus, and a male fertilized the eggs the following day…please see the article below for details. Observing Breeding Behavior Despite their generally bold demeanor, paired African Clawed Frogs are extremely sensitive to […]

2010’s Amphibian Discoveries – New Species and New Information – Part 2

[…]gills, never see the light of day, do not mature until age 16, and reproduce by both laying eggs and bearing live young.  Despite their very unique natural environments, Olms do quite well in zoos, often living into their 70’s. Due to the Olm’s rarity, researchers have maintained a breeding […]
Read more » 2010’s Amphibian Discoveries – New Species and New Information – Part 2

First North American Captive Breeding of the Giant Horned Lizard

[…]reports indicate that Giant Horned Lizards mate in April-June, with gravid females laying 10-30 eggs after a gestation period of 60-70 days.  The eggs hatch in 10-12 weeks when incubated at 85 F. Horned Lizard Care Horned Lizards are hard to resist, but it is a mistake to attempt keeping […]
Read more » First North American Captive Breeding of the Giant Horned Lizard

The Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis carolinensis) in the Wild and Captivity; – Natural History – Part 1

[…]Additional clutches of 1-2 eggs are laid throughout the breeding season, to a total of 8-10 eggs per female. The eggs hatch in 30-45 […]
Read more » The Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis carolinensis) in the Wild and Captivity; – Natural History – Part 1

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Smokey Jungle Frog – Part 1

[…]forearms). Male Smokey Jungle Frogs use their powerful rear legs to whip the jelly surrounding the eggs into a frothy mass of sperm, jelly, skin secretions, air and water.  This nest surrounds the eggs and is deposited in a natural (or possibly self-dug) depression in the ground, usually at the […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Smokey Jungle Frog – Part 1

Habits and Husbandry of the New Caledonia Giant Gecko

[…]them to bark within hollows and beneath bark.  Oddly enough, captives almost always deposit their eggs on the ground, even when provided with seemingly suitable arboreal sites. The eggs hatch in 40-60 days. One member of the genus, R. l. trachyrhynchus, gives birth to live young. Diet Fruit, sap, nectar, […]
Read more » Habits and Husbandry of the New Caledonia Giant Gecko

A Most Unusual Lizard – the Crocodile, Armored or Casque-headed Skink

[…]female Crocodile Skinks may produce up to 6 eggs each year. Female Crocodile Skinks guard their eggs during the 70 day incubation period.  In captivity they cover the eggs with substrate when foraging and lunge at intruders.  The hatchlings stay in close proximity to the female for approximately 2 weeks.  […]
Read more » A Most Unusual Lizard – the Crocodile, Armored or Casque-headed Skink

Crested Gecko Care: Breeding Crested Geckos

[…]to store sperm. Those purchased as adults, or separated from a male, may still produce fertile eggs. As mentioned above, females that have not mated may also develop eggs, which must be deposited.   Stay alert for signs that a female may be egg-bound – lethargy, swollen abdomen, straining – […]

Breeding the Green and Gold Bell Frog and Welcoming its Extinct Relative – Part 2

[…]producing huge egg masses shortly thereafter.  I estimated the average clutch to contain 500-600 eggs, but up to 12,000 eggs have been reported as being produced by a single female. The eggs hatched in 4 days at 78F, and the tadpoles were among the most ravenous I’ve ever encountered – […]
Read more » Breeding the Green and Gold Bell Frog and Welcoming its Extinct Relative – Part 2

Aggression in Male Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) and Nesting Behavior in Females: the Effects of Hormonal Changes and the Breeding Season

[…]need further information. Veterinary intervention may be required if the female refuses to lay her eggs.  In many cases, an injection of oxytosin is effective in causing the eggs to be expelled. Further Reading I’ve written about my experiences with wild green iguanas in another article on this blog.  Please […]
Read more » Aggression in Male Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) and Nesting Behavior in Females: the Effects of Hormonal Changes and the Breeding Season

The Yellow-Spotted Sideneck Turtle , Podocnemis unifilis, in the Wild and Captivity: Natural History – Part 2

[…]were likely 60-70 years old.  Several times I was called to Kennedy Airport to identify turtle eggs found in luggage (and, in one case, filling 2 shopping bags!).  Twice I was tempted to identify seized eggs as belonging to a sea turtle, but upon close examination and some research into […]
Read more » The Yellow-Spotted Sideneck Turtle , Podocnemis unifilis, in the Wild and Captivity: Natural History – Part 2

First Completely Monogamous Amphibian Identified – the Mimic Poison Frog

[…]up to 6 tadpoles to individual pools at the bases of bromeliads (like all Dendrobatids, their eggs are deposited on land) and call to their mates when feeding time arrives.  The female then visits the pool and deposits an unfertilized egg, which is consumed by the tadpole. The Effect of […]
Read more » First Completely Monogamous Amphibian Identified – the Mimic Poison Frog

The Mantellas – Madagascar’s Answer to the Dendrobatids (Poison Frogs)

[…]or in trees, are protected by virulent skin toxins, exhibit complex breeding behaviors, and lay eggs in on land. Mantella reproductive strategies roughly follow those of the Poison Frogs.  Males call during the day from exposed sites on land – light markings on the vocal sacs may serve as a […]
Read more » The Mantellas – Madagascar’s Answer to the Dendrobatids (Poison Frogs)

Malayan and Kuhl’s Flying Geckos – Breeding and Care

[…]the fall and winter may also be useful, but is not critical (please write in for details). The Eggs Gravid female swell noticeably, and their 2 eggs will be visible through the skin in time.  A well-fed female may produce 3, or possibly more, clutches of 2 eggs each.  I’ve […]
Read more » Malayan and Kuhl’s Flying Geckos – Breeding and Care

A Snake Breeder’s Delight – the African House Snake

[…]usually occurs in the spring, with healthy females producing multiple clutches of 2-16 eggs each summer and fall.  At 82 F, eggs typically hatch in 65-72 days, but a range of 55-85 days has been reported.  Hatch rates are invariably high, often approaching 100%. The young average 6-10 inches in […]
Read more » A Snake Breeder’s Delight – the African House Snake

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Trans-Pecos Ratsnake – Part 2

[…]with eggs being produced after a gestation period of 35-50 days.  Clutches may contain 2-10 eggs, with 5 being typical.  Eggs hatch after an incubation period of 75 days at 82 F, with a range of 65-105 days, depending upon temperature.  Hatchlings average 12-15 inches in length.     Further […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Trans-Pecos Ratsnake – Part 2

The King Cobra or Hamadryad, Ophiophagus hannah – natural history and zoological park husbandry – Part 1

[…]body, the female scrapes together a pile of rotting leaves and other vegetation, into which the eggs are deposited. Some construct a two-chambered nest, with the upper chamber serving as retreat for the female, while others merely coil on top of the leaf pile. The female guards her 20-60 eggs […]
Read more » The King Cobra or Hamadryad, Ophiophagus hannah – natural history and zoological park husbandry – Part 1

Breeding the Great Crested Newt, Triturus cristatus – Part 2

[…]their tails, and eventually pick up the spermatophore that the male has dropped. Several hundred eggs are laid, each being individually attached to an aquatic plant. Females use their rear legs to bend a plant leaf around each egg – quite an ordeal, and well-worth watching! Adults may consume eggs […]
Read more » Breeding the Great Crested Newt, Triturus cristatus – Part 2

Chameleons as Pets: Breeding Senegal Chameleons

[…]basking bulb, or an additional one, should be used to warm the nesting area.   Incubating the Eggs Senegal Chameleon eggs have been successfully incubated at temperatures ranging from 72 to 80 F. At 77 F, they typically hatch in 6 months. A high-quality reptile egg incubator is the surest […]
Read more » Chameleons as Pets: Breeding Senegal Chameleons

How to Breed Dwarf African Clawed Frogs

[…]in 1-7 hours, and can include 50 -350 individual egg-laying trips to the surface; as many as 1,000 eggs may be deposited. The Eggs The tiny (2 mm diameter) eggs float and stick to aquatic plants.  Those of H. curtipes are brownish in color; H. boettgeri eggs are a bit […]

Darwin’s Frog is Extinct – Males “Nursed” Tadpoles in their Vocal Sacs

[…]season.  Amplexus and egg-deposition occurs on land. Thereafter, males guard their 20-40 large eggs for approximately 20 days. Once the tadpoles begin moving within the eggs, they are taken into the male’s mouth and maneuvered through openings that lead into the vocal sac. Perhaps as an adaptation to its most unusual […]
Read more » Darwin’s Frog is Extinct – Males “Nursed” Tadpoles in their Vocal Sacs

How To Breed Green Anoles and Raise the Youngsters

[…]arrives.  Please see these articles for further information on collecting insects. Incubating the Eggs Eggs may be incubated in vermiculite or moist sphagnum moss.  I prefer to use a vermiculite and water in a 1:1 ratio by weight (please see this article for details on setting this up), but success […]
Read more » How To Breed Green Anoles and Raise the Youngsters

Frog Diets: Supplement Raises Poison Frog Egg Output & Tadpole Survival

[…]Frogs were included in the study. The increased tadpole survival was attributed to higher quality eggs being produced by female frogs. Infertile eggs, which are deposited by females as food for their tadpoles, were also believed to be of higher nutritional value following carotenoid supplementation.   A number of the […]
Read more » Frog Diets: Supplement Raises Poison Frog Egg Output & Tadpole Survival

A Monitor First – Male Rosenberg’s Monitors Cover and Guard Nests

[…]seem not to remain nearby).  Amazingly, in 8 instances a male joined the female in protecting the eggs. Other Rosenberg’s Monitors are the primary threat to eggs.  Females guarding nests attacked male intruders twice their own weight, and repelled them in most cases.  The vicious fights that ensued frequently left […]
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Breeding White’s Treefrogs and White-Lipped Treefrogs – Part 1

[…]or so. The Eggs If all goes well, you will one morning find yourself in possession of thousands of eggs.  It is wise to plan ahead and arrange for friends or nature centers to take some of the eggs, as crowded conditions can cause the loss of the entire clutch.  […]
Read more » Breeding White’s Treefrogs and White-Lipped Treefrogs – Part 1

The Unique, Endangered Panamanian Golden Frog or Harlequin Toad – Part 1

[…]territory are attacked, and a wrestling bout ensues. Eggs A single egg strand, containing 200-650 eggs, is laid by each female. The egg strand is attached to a large rock, which protects it from fast currents. The eggs hatch in 7-10 days. Tadpoles The tadpoles are dark with golden flecks […]
Read more » The Unique, Endangered Panamanian Golden Frog or Harlequin Toad – Part 1

2010’s Reptile Discoveries – New Lizard Species and Facts

[…]to a live-bearing lizard!  Populations in New South Wales’ warm coastal regions produce eggs, while those inhabiting cool mountain slopes give birth to live young. Cool temperatures are associated with live-bearing in herps ranging from Alpine Newts to European Vipers, but only 2 other lizards (Bougainville’s Skink and the Viviparous […]
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Turtles Seek Heat While Still in the Egg…Do They Also Choose Their Sex?!

[…]by shining a strong light at the shell (a process known as “candling”).  Some of the eggs were buried in “nests” located on sloping ground, where sun exposure would vary, while others were located on flat ground, where the sun would strike the eggs evenly.  All of the embryos in […]
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North America’s Colorful, Venomous Lizard – The Gila Monster, Heloderma suspectum

[…]also take the eggs and chicks of doves, quail and other ground-nesting birds, lizards and their eggs, tortoise eggs, locusts and other large insects and carrion. These lizards are well-adapted to a harsh environment in which food is often scarce.  They gorge when food is available, consuming up to 50% […]
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The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mertens’ Water Monitor – Part 2

[…]eat nearly every day without fear of obesity setting in. Breeding Clutches range in size from 6-15 eggs; when incubated at 85F they hatch in approximately 275 days. Mertens’ Monitors have evolved in habitats subjected to fluctuating weather extremes, and their eggs are quite resilient – incubation periods of 180-330 […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mertens’ Water Monitor – Part 2

The Monitor Lizards (Family Varanidae) – Family Overview and Species Accounts; – Some Interesting Monitors and Their Care – Part II

[…]species. Mine thrive upon waxworms, crickets, crayfish, super mealworms, roaches, chicks and quail eggs. Pink mice are given every two weeks or so. Canned insects and monitor diets are often accepted and should be included as a source of dietary variety. Breeding Females lay 2-6 eggs at a time, and […]
Read more » The Monitor Lizards (Family Varanidae) – Family Overview and Species Accounts; – Some Interesting Monitors and Their Care – Part II

The Complex Life of a Common Pet – the Terrestrial or Caribbean Hermit Crab

[…]unique organs located on her 4th pair of legs.  She then remains on land carrying her fertilized eggs for a month or so before heading to the sea. In most populations, all gravid (egg-bearing) females march seaward at the same time, resulting in quite a spectacle.  This may be an […]
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Corn Snake Notes: History, Breeding Preparations, Color Phases – Part 1

[…]small clutches and weak offspring. Mating occurs from March to June in most regions, with the eggs being laid 25-50 days thereafter. A second clutch may be produced in late summer/early fall. An average clutch consists of 16 eggs, but may range from 6-26. At 82 F, incubation time averages […]
Read more » Corn Snake Notes: History, Breeding Preparations, Color Phases – Part 1

Choosing the Ideal Substrate for Reptiles, Amphibians and Invertebrates – Part 1

[…]are likely to lay eggs within the terrarium, the substrate should be of a type that will allow the eggs to thrive until discovered.  The tiny eggs of many geckos and anoles are easy to miss, and may desiccate if deposited in a dry area. Live Plants: the needs of […]
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Feeding Captive Savannah Monitors (Varanus exanthematicus) and Black and White Tegus (Tupinambis merianae): Zoo Med’s Canned Tegu and Monitor Diet

[…]useful food items are land snails (available in seafood markets), tomato hornworms, hard boiled eggs (in moderation, i.e. once monthly) and canned grasshoppers , silkworms  and snails.  Pink and fuzzy mice (these are preferable to adult mice and rats) may be offered every 10-14 days. My Observations of Wild Black […]
Read more » Feeding Captive Savannah Monitors (Varanus exanthematicus) and Black and White Tegus (Tupinambis merianae): Zoo Med’s Canned Tegu and Monitor Diet

An Introduction to Geckos

[…]survive in Madagascar’s forest canopy, reached 24 inches in length. Geckos generally lay 2 eggs, although some bear live young. Arboreal types often glue their eggs to tree branches or building walls. Most are insectivorous, but many take nectar and over-ripe fruits as well. The voracious tokay gecko, Gekko gecko, […]

The Natural History of the Ball Python, Python regius: Ball Pythons in the Wild

[…]species have been shown to actively raise the temperature of their clutch by coiling about the eggs and “shivering”.  In captive situations, I have observed incubating female blood pythons (Python curtus) and Burmese pythons (P. molurus bivittatus) to raise their eggs by 7F above the ambient air temperature.  Field research […]
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Frog Facts: New Species Has Fangs and Gives Birth to Live Tadpoles!

[…]that eat bark, their mother’s eggs and even their father’s skin, along with parents that carry eggs or young in skin pouches, vocal sacs and even stomachs. None, however, were known to give birth to live tadpoles. As you’ll see below, a herpetologist’s extremely lucky catch, at just the right […]
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Senegal Chameleons and Related Species – Common Health Problems

[…]female Senegal Chameleons.  Depressed calcium levels will prevent the female from expelling her eggs; veterinary intervention is essential if death is to be prevented. The lack of a suitable nesting site can also cause a female to retain her eggs, even if she is in good health.  Please write in […]
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The Natural History and Captive Care of the Asian Flying Frog (Golden Treefrog)

[…]actively seek the water’s edge.  I’ve experimentally moved water bowls from under hatching eggs and have found that the tadpoles are indeed amazingly mobile on the ground and travel to the water’s edge with surprising speed. Lowering the terrarium’s temperature to 68F for 2 weeks, followed by a period of […]
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Amphibian Breeding Migrations – Protecting a Spectacular Rite of Spring – Part 2

[…]and others such as Marbled Salamanders, most Treefrogs and Toads, and many Newts, deposit their eggs in temporary pools of water that form in late winter and dry out by mid-summer.  By avoiding permanent bodies of water, they remove the threat of fish predation upon themselves and their eggs and […]
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The Natural History and Captive Care of the Green and Black Poison Frog

[…]and legs. The female is eventually led to a nest site below the leaf litter, where she lays 4-6 eggs, which are externally fertilized. The male moves from clutch to clutch, shedding water on the eggs, rotating them and removing fungus.  Males seem able to predict hatching, and are nearly […]
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The Black Pine Snake – the Rarest Species in a Well-known Group

[…]in both zoos and the private sector. Reproduction Mating occurs in the spring, and 3-24 eggs are laid in June-August.  The clutch is hidden in a burrow or, less frequently, below a rock or log.  The young hatch in 64-79 days at 12-18 inches in length. Diet The natural diet […]
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Captive Care of the Ball or Royal Python, Python regius – Part 2

[…]cool (January-February in some areas), during much of the breeding season, and while incubating eggs.  They are well adapted to long fasts, and frequently go off-feed in captivity.  This can occur even in captive-hatched animals, tuned, perhaps, to an internally-controlled cycle, and is rarely a cause for concern. Individuals that […]
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Amphibian and Reptile Emergencies – Prolapsed Cloaca

[…]the conditions that may have led to the prolapse – dehydration, constipation, straining to expel eggs and trauma caused by scent marking (rubbing the cloaca along the substrate) – are most common.  Of course, environmental conditions must be evaluated with each species’ biology in mind – conditions that are suitable […]
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The Monitor Lizards (Family Varanidae) – Family Overview and Species Accounts; – Some Interesting Monitors and Their Care – Part I

[…]young tree kangaroos, naked-tailed rats, bandicoots, bats and other mammals, birds and their eggs, frogs, snakes, lizards and carrion.  Captives do well on rats, mice, chicks, crayfish, large roaches and hard-boiled eggs. Image referenced from Wikipedia. Check back on Friday for more Monitor Species […]
Read more » The Monitor Lizards (Family Varanidae) – Family Overview and Species Accounts; – Some Interesting Monitors and Their Care – Part I

The Spotted Salamander, Ambystoma maculatum – Part II, Natural History

[…]take this into their cloaca (reproductive opening) and fertilization occurs internally. The eggs are laid in compact, jelly-covered masses that are attached to twigs, plants or sunken logs. Each mass contains 50-160 eggs. The sight of 20 or more large, brilliantly marked salamanders writhing together in as they vie for […]
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The Natural History and Captive Care of the Red-Tailed Ratsnake (Red-Tailed Racer), Gonyosoma oxycephalum, and Jansen’s Ratsnake (Sulawesi Ratsnake, Black-Tailed Ratsnake) – G. jansenii – Part 2

[…]for a period of 8 years or so.  Gravid females seek secluded, moist sites in which to lay their eggs; damp sphagnum moss within a cave,  flower pot, or cork bark retreat is ideal.  Some individuals seem to prefer elevated nest sites; perhaps in the wild eggs are sometimes deposited […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Red-Tailed Ratsnake (Red-Tailed Racer), Gonyosoma oxycephalum, and Jansen’s Ratsnake (Sulawesi Ratsnake, Black-Tailed Ratsnake) – G. jansenii – Part 2

The Natural History and Captive Husbandry of the Taiwan Beauty Snake or Chinese Ratsnake, Orthriophis (formerly “Elaphe”) taeniurus friesei

[…]rodent control measure. Diet Squirrels, rats, mice, bats and other small mammals, birds and their eggs; hatchlings feed largely upon treefrogs and lizards. Prey is overcome by constriction. Reproduction The 6-10 eggs are laid in May-June, but other than that reproduction in the wild is not well documented. Please see […]
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The Crocodile Monitor Lizard – Reality and Legend

[…]renders it a conservation concern.  Listed on CITES Appendix II. Reproduction Females lay 6-12 eggs at a time, and up to 3 clutches per year in captivity (multiple clutches may be a function of food availability), with arboreal nest sites being favored.  In common with other tree-dwelling monitors, they likely […]
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Calabar Ground and Mexican Dwarf Pythons – Unique Burrowers for Python Fans

[…]in rodent burrows, and have even been seen to enter iguana and sea turtle nests to prey upon eggs. Captive Care Mexican Dwarf Pythons can be kept as has been described for Calabar Ground Pythons, but need a drier substrate and less misting.  A shredded bark – sand mix suits […]
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The Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis carolinensis) in the Wild and Captivity – Care in Captivity – Part 4

[…]cyclic changes in temperature, light and humidity levels.  Watch for young animals, as undetected eggs may hatch within the terrarium. Green anoles originating from the northern portions of the range require longer and cooler “winters” than do those from the south.  In fact, southern-range animals are different, physiologically, from those […]
Read more » The Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis carolinensis) in the Wild and Captivity – Care in Captivity – Part 4

Meet the Green Frog – Typical “Pond Frog” of the USA – Part 2

[…]due to shoreline development and the introduction of Bass, Carp and other fishes, which consume eggs and tadpoles. In recent years, deformed Green Frogs have been found in ever-increasing numbers.  The cause is unknown, but pesticide or other chemical pollution is suspected.  Farm ponds usually have a higher incidence of […]
Read more » Meet the Green Frog – Typical “Pond Frog” of the USA – Part 2

Reptile and Amphibian Foods – Breeding and Rearing Grasshoppers and Locusts

[…]food in water-filled jars (stuffed with cotton) so that it remains fresh. Unfortunately, the eggs of most US natives require a period of cold temperatures if they are to hatch.  I’ve had some luck refrigerating eggs at 38 F for 4 weeks, but the technique needs fine-tuning.  Collecting (in pesticide-free […]
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The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mudpuppy – Part 2

[…]while far from routine, is possible.  Mudpuppies become sexually mature at 4-6 years of age. The eggs are laid individually in a cavity below a rock or log and take 6-10 weeks to develop. The female guards the eggs during the entire incubation period. The larvae are nearly 1 inch […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mudpuppy – Part 2
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