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Rat Snake Care: the Russian Ratsnake – Large, Bold and Beautiful

[…]As an adaptation to the short summers in their native range, female Russian Ratsnakes retain their eggs for a time, and deposit them in a well-advanced state. At an incubation temperature of 82 F, they typically hatch within 40 days.   The hatchlings measure 11-15 inches in length and differ […]
Read more » Rat Snake Care: the Russian Ratsnake – Large, Bold and Beautiful

Constructing a Rain Chamber – the Ultimate Amphibian Breeding Technique

[…]of cork bark might be needed as well. Keep a sponge filter or corner filter handy for use once the eggs are deposited and the adults removed. Other Techniques The Zoo Med Canister Filter comes equipped with a spray bar…I’ve not yet tried, but since the filter can be operated […]
Read more » Constructing a Rain Chamber – the Ultimate Amphibian Breeding Technique

Frog Reproduction Made Simple – Breeding Fire-Bellied Toads

[…]and a filter that does not create strong currents (corner filters are ideal). Females lay 100-200 eggs, usually within 24 hours of entering amplexus; the eggs attach to plants, sticks and airline tubing.  At 72 F, the tiny (7 mm) tadpoles hatch in 3-4 days.  They remain motionless and attached […]
Read more » Frog Reproduction Made Simple – Breeding Fire-Bellied Toads

Amazing Fossil Confirms that Ancient Snakes Consumed Dinosaurs

[…]The most dramatic I’ve seen (many times!) depicts a small dinosaur incubating a clutch of eggs, and is on exhibit at the American Museum of Natural History. Further Reading Please see my article on Titanoboa to learn about a 43-foot-long, 2,500 pound Anaconda ancestor. You can see a re-creation of […]
Read more » Amazing Fossil Confirms that Ancient Snakes Consumed Dinosaurs

Tales of Giant Centipedes – Bat-Stalkers, Escapees and Words of Caution – Part 2

[…]referenced from wikipedia and originally posted by Eric Guinther (Marshman) Centipede protecting eggs image referenced from wikipedia and originally posted by Marshal […]
Read more » Tales of Giant Centipedes – Bat-Stalkers, Escapees and Words of Caution – Part 2

Urban Turtle fest – the New York Turtle and Tortoise Society’s Annual Show

[…]body of water) and other unsuitable habitats.  For several years I collected Snapping Turtle Eggs along the Bronx River and gave them to a friend, who is a monk in a local temple.  Temple members incubated the eggs and we held a release ceremony each August back at the Bronx […]
Read more » Urban Turtle fest – the New York Turtle and Tortoise Society’s Annual Show

Hatching Praying Mantid Egg Cases to Feed Tiny Amphibians and Invertebrates

Dietary variety is the key to success in rearing many herps and invertebrates.  Unfortunately, options for newly-transformed frogs and salamanders, Poison Frogs and other small species and hatchling spiders are limited. A diet of fruit flies, springtails and pinhead crickets sometimes suffices, but as I learned when rearing the endangered […]
Read more » Hatching Praying Mantid Egg Cases to Feed Tiny Amphibians and Invertebrates

The Natural History of the Red-Tailed Ratsnake

[…]that frequent these areas. Diet Bats, mice, rats, squirrels and other mammals, birds and their eggs, treefrogs and lizards. Prey is killed by constriction; the tail is highly prehensile, allowing for long strikes at fast-moving, arboreal prey. There is some evidence that, especially in young animals, the red-tipped tail is […]
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Current Field Research – Reptile Natural History

[…]and Snapping Turtles. Texas Horned Lizard Nesting A Texas Horned Lizard was observed to leave its eggs uncovered after depositing them in the nest hole, apparently to seek shade and rest.  During the resting period, the lizard intently watched the eggs – the first such documentation of this behavior. After […]
Read more » Current Field Research – Reptile Natural History

The Snapping Turtle, Chelydra serpentina – Part I, Natural History and Behavior in the Wild (with notes on size records)

[…]longer. REPRODUCTION In my experience, most females in NYC and the immediate environs lay their eggs on rainy nights in early June. I am always rewarded by the sight of nesting females on such nights and during the following mornings. If you have a chance to visit nesting sites during […]
Read more » The Snapping Turtle, Chelydra serpentina – Part I, Natural History and Behavior in the Wild (with notes on size records)

The Natural History of the Leopard Tortoise – Part 1

[…]are often surprised to find that males are surprisingly vocal during copulation! Females lay eggs from May-October, often taking over 2 hours to dig the nest hole; 5-7 clutches of 5-30 eggs each may be produced each year.  Egg output is related to the size and condition of the female […]
Read more » The Natural History of the Leopard Tortoise – Part 1

The Common Snapping Turtle, Chelydra serpentina – Care in Captivity (with notes on the Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macroclemmys temmincki) Part 1

[…]Setup Snapping turtles are entirely aquatic, rarely bask and usually leave the water only to lay eggs. Hatchlings and small turtles are best kept in water of a depth that allows them to breathe by extending their necks to the surface. They mainly walk about the bottom and are not […]
Read more » The Common Snapping Turtle, Chelydra serpentina – Care in Captivity (with notes on the Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macroclemmys temmincki) Part 1

Reticulated Python Natural History – a Giant Snake in Wild and Urban Habitats

[…]can raise their core temperatures and the temperature of the egg clutch. Females deposit 30-100 eggs after a gestation period of 100-150 days.  The eggs hatch in approximately 85 days. The hatchlings are 30-32 inches long-large enough to consume adult mice right away and become sexually mature at a length […]
Read more » Reticulated Python Natural History – a Giant Snake in Wild and Urban Habitats

The Natural History and Taxonomy of the Blue Poison Frog, Dendrobates azureus (tinctorius)

[…]tended by the male, and sometimes by the female as well. Males soak in water and then lie over the eggs to moisten them, and may tend several clutches at once. The eggs hatch in 14-18 days and the tadpoles are transported to streams on the back of either parent. […]
Read more » The Natural History and Taxonomy of the Blue Poison Frog, Dendrobates azureus (tinctorius)

Odd and Giant Snake Meals – Sticks, Antelopes, People, Siamese Cats…

[…]coccinea, is rarely kept by hobbyists or zoos because of its preferred diet of lizard and snake eggs.  A specimen in South Carolina, however, consumed a young, dead Corn Snake with which it had been temporarily confined. The Southern Hognosed Snake, Heterodon simus, is widely “known” to be a confirmed […]
Read more » Odd and Giant Snake Meals – Sticks, Antelopes, People, Siamese Cats…

Assassin Bugs – Captive Care and a Spider-Hunting Assassin – Part 2

[…]All Assassin Bugs, including the US natives, should be handled only with forceps.   Assassin Bug eggs and nymphs are very tiny, and usually go un-noticed – be sure to use fine grade insect screening over their terrariums to prevent escapes. Environment and Breeding Red and White-Spotted Assassins can be […]
Read more » Assassin Bugs – Captive Care and a Spider-Hunting Assassin – Part 2

The Natural History and Care of the Greater Siren

[…]on the pond bottom in densely vegetated sites.  There is some evidence that females may guard eggs, but we do not as yet know whether fertilization is internal or external (great project for an aspiring keeper!) The eggs hatch in April and May; very little is known of larval period. […]
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Research Update – Perret’s Night Frog (Astylosternus perreti) Defends Itself with Skin-Sheathed Claws

Harvard biologist David Blachurn knew he was onto something unusual when a benign-looking frog he was examining in Cameroon, West Africa kicked out and left him with a bleeding cut.  Unusual indeed – an article  (23 August 2008) in Biology Letters describes the hidden claws of Perret’s night frog as […]
Read more » Research Update – Perret’s Night Frog (Astylosternus perreti) Defends Itself with Skin-Sheathed Claws

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mertens’ Water Monitor – Part 1

[…]the breeding season.  Females dig a burrow, which terminates in a leaf-lined chamber, for their eggs. There is evidence that, at least in certain populations, gravid females migrate to small, temporary water bodies before nesting; perhaps this safeguards the young from Salt Water Crocodiles, Crocodylus porosus, and other river-dwelling predators […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mertens’ Water Monitor – Part 1

Large, Colorful Monitor Lizard Discovered – the Second New Monitor This Month!

[…]to the Forest Monitor, appears to consume a more traditional monitor diet of birds and their eggs, small mammals, invertebrates and carrion. Further Reading The official announcement of the new species and photographs are posted on the website of the University of California, Santa Barbara.   Black Tree Monitor image […]
Read more » Large, Colorful Monitor Lizard Discovered – the Second New Monitor This Month!

Breeding the Great Crested Newt, Triturus cristatus – Part 1

[…]An increase in water depth may stimulate breeding outside of the normal cycle, but fewer viable eggs will be produced). Upon emergence from hibernation, the newts should be housed in aquarium, or their terrestrial terrarium should be modified to provide a large water area. Resting sites such as cork bark […]
Read more » Breeding the Great Crested Newt, Triturus cristatus – Part 1

Small Pet Turtles: Black-Breasted Leaf Turtle Care

[…]to a fatal infection known as egg peritonitis. It is important to note that females may develop eggs even if un-mated, and that captives may produce several clutches each year.   Eggs incubated at 82 F typically hatch in 62-75 days.   Males may stress or bite females during mating […]
Read more » Small Pet Turtles: Black-Breasted Leaf Turtle Care

Monitor Lizards as Pets: Dumeril Monitor Care and Natural History

[…]crabs, crayfish and squid. Pinkies or small mice may be provided once weekly, and hard-boiled eggs can be used on occasion. All meals (other than fishes, crabs and rodents) offered to growing monitors should be powdered with calcium, and a high-quality reptile vitamin/mineral supplement should be used 3x weekly. I […]
Read more » Monitor Lizards as Pets: Dumeril Monitor Care and Natural History

The Two Toed Amphiuma: a Giant Salamander that Bites Like a Watersnake!

[…]protecting them from predators and desiccation. It is not known if incubating females leave the eggs to feed.   The 30-200 eggs, which are attached to each other in string-like fashion, are deposited in June/July in the northern part of the range and in Jan. /Feb. in the south. Inundation […]
Read more » The Two Toed Amphiuma: a Giant Salamander that Bites Like a Watersnake!

Black Rough Neck Monitor Care and History

[…]and green crabs, crayfish and squid.  Mice should be provided once weekly, and hard-boiled eggs can be used on occasion.  All meals offered to growing monitors should be powdered with calcium, and a high-quality reptile vitamin/mineral supplement should be used 3x weekly.  I favor ReptoCal, ReptiVite and ReptiCal.   Rodents […]

Green Iguanas and Raccoons in Southern Florida….an Interesting Dilemma

[…]occupied by the endangered burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia), displacing the birds and destroying eggs and chicks in the process. Ever hungry, the 4-6 foot long behemoths also assist the spread of undesirable invasive plants by eating their fruits and dispersing the seeds in their feces. Among one of their most […]
Read more » Green Iguanas and Raccoons in Southern Florida….an Interesting Dilemma

Fishing Spider: Habitat and Care

[…]body is marked with black, and the legs are banded, but individuals vary.   Maternal Care of Eggs and Young Female Dark Fishing Spiders carry their egg cases, which may contain up to 1,400 eggs, suspended between the chelicerae (fangs), pedipalps, and spinnerets (large wolf spiders, which resemble fishing spiders, […]

Chemicals (pesticides, Atrazine, gonadotrophin) and Their Effects on Frog and Fish Sexuality and Reproduction

[…]male frogs in the wild are being found to have inter-sex characteristics, including immature eggs within the testes. A recent Harvard University study found such characteristics in 21% of the male green frogs, Rana clamitans, in ponds in suburban Connecticut. It seemed that the affected frogs were more common in […]
Read more » Chemicals (pesticides, Atrazine, gonadotrophin) and Their Effects on Frog and Fish Sexuality and Reproduction

Frog Communication – Study Shows Frogs go far Beyond Croaking

[…]Music Frog is native to marshy habitats in central and southwestern China.  Females deposit their eggs in burrows constructed by the males, and the tadpoles develop there as well.  The ability to construct a safe burrow is, therefore, an important consideration when females go “mate shopping”.  You can see photos […]
Read more » Frog Communication – Study Shows Frogs go far Beyond Croaking

The Best Filters for Axolotls, Clawed Frogs, Newts and Other Amphibians

[…]low intakes.  As a corner filters outflow is directed upwards, strong currents that might disturb eggs, larvae or weak-swimmers are avoided. Corner filters can be easily hidden with plants.  Live Java Moss is ideal for this purpose. Sponge Filters Sponge filters provide mechanical and biological filtration, and are ideal for […]
Read more » The Best Filters for Axolotls, Clawed Frogs, Newts and Other Amphibians

Hands-On Experiences in Sea Turtle Conservation: Tagging Green, Leatherback and other Marine Turtles with the Caribbean Conservation Corporation in Costa Rica

[…]become involved in all aspects of marine turtle field work – counting and re-locating eggs, monitoring nest success, and, most thrilling of all, tagging the huge females at night as they finish nesting (often carried out while mounted on the turtle as she scrambles for the sea!). Depending upon the […]
Read more » Hands-On Experiences in Sea Turtle Conservation: Tagging Green, Leatherback and other Marine Turtles with the Caribbean Conservation Corporation in Costa Rica

Treefrog Facts – An Introduction for Pet Keepers

[…]Frogs”.   Treefrogs that Break the “Frog Breeding Rules” Some treefrogs deposit their eggs on leaves over water, while others breed in tree hollows in the forest canopy.  It was recently discovered that the tadpoles of India’s Brown Leaping Frog live on tree limbs and eat bark, while those of […]
Read more » Treefrog Facts – An Introduction for Pet Keepers

The Natural History and Captive Husbandry of the Taiwan Beauty Snake or Chinese Ratsnake, Orthriophis (formerly “Elaphe”) taeniurus friesei – Part II

[…]usually occurs within a month after the snakes are returned to optimal temperatures, with 6-10 eggs being deposited 40-60 days thereafter. The eggs hatch in 55-62 days when incubated at 80-84 F and 95% humidity. The hatchlings average 12-16 inches long, and shed within their first 2 weeks. In contrast […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Husbandry of the Taiwan Beauty Snake or Chinese Ratsnake, Orthriophis (formerly “Elaphe”) taeniurus friesei – Part II

Earwigs as an Alternative Food for Pet Reptiles and Amphibians

[…]pet food.  They are also extremely interesting in their own right, with females caring for their eggs and actually carrying food to the young! Why Earwigs? Earwigs are readily accepted by a wide variety of reptiles, amphibians, tarantulas, fishes, and scorpions, and provide nutrients absent from commercially-reared insects.  They are […]
Read more » Earwigs as an Alternative Food for Pet Reptiles and Amphibians

The Monitor Lizards (Family Varanidae) – Family Overview and Species Accounts, Part I

[…]by grappling, often rising onto their hind legs during tests of strength.  All species lay eggs. Diet All monitors are alert, effective predators, with the various species taking an incredibly huge array of prey – termites and other insects, snails, spiders, crayfish and other invertebrates, birds and their eggs, frogs, […]
Read more » The Monitor Lizards (Family Varanidae) – Family Overview and Species Accounts, Part I

Licensed Wildlife Rehabilitators – Helping Injured Amphibians and Reptiles

[…]expertise.  In my work as a rehabilitator, I have been involved in removing and incubating eggs from road-killed Diamondback Terrapins, fashioning a “skateboard” for a 3-legged Ornate Box Turtle and a partial plastic carapace for a Gopher Tortoise, and many other interesting rescue efforts.  Marine and freshwater species are also […]
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CITES Listing Sought for Snapping Turtles, 3 Softshells: Do You Agree?

[…]Turtles were exported from the USA between 2009 and 2011 (this excludes processed meat and eggs).   Unfortunately, government regulation sometimes raises hackles among pet keepers. Throughout my career as a herpetologist, I’ve worked on numerous cooperative ventures between government agencies and private keepers – all showed promise, but were […]
Read more » CITES Listing Sought for Snapping Turtles, 3 Softshells: Do You Agree?

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Pickerel Frog

[…]ponds, vernal pools, and marshes as winter ends (December in the south, May in the north).  The eggs are attached to submerged vegetation at or near the water’s surface, often in areas that receive a good deal of sunlight.  The eggs hatch in 8-24 days.  The tadpoles feed upon algae […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Pickerel Frog

Notes from the Field – An Aggressive Black Tegu Tupinambis teguixin (merianae)

[…]lizards ate just about everything they came across – other lizards, snakes, turtle and bird eggs, small mammals, fish, frogs, crabs, large insects and carrion – and were major predators in this flooded grassland habitat.  I managed to catch a few young tegus, but old, battle-scarred individuals were impossible to […]
Read more » Notes from the Field – An Aggressive Black Tegu Tupinambis teguixin (merianae)

Breeding the Malayan Leaf Frog (Long-Nosed or Bornean Horned Frog)

[…]but cork bark offers, I believe, the best attachment site). The jelly surrounding each clump of eggs is extremely thin, so take care not to jostle the caves when you check them. The eggs hatch in 10-12 days, at which time the tadpoles slide down strands of jelly (which may […]
Read more » Breeding the Malayan Leaf Frog (Long-Nosed or Bornean Horned Frog)

How Reptiles, Amphibians and Spiders “Celebrate” Valentine’s Day

[…]in tiny, nutrient-poor pools within bromeliads, and would not survive without the unfertilized eggs provided by their mothers as food. Many other Poison Frogs do the same, but Mimic males stay near tadpole pools and call to their mates when the tadpoles need to be fed (how they know when […]
Read more » How Reptiles, Amphibians and Spiders “Celebrate” Valentine’s Day

Captive Care of Latin American Ratsnakes – The Tiger Ratsnake

[…]no bounds – ground squirrels, rats and other rodents, possums, rabbits, bats, birds and their eggs, lizards, frogs, and other snakes are all consumed with equal gusto.  Chickens and ducks (and cats, I’ll bet!) are taken near farms and villages. Tiger Ratsnakes as Pets It’s difficult for most snake enthusiasts […]
Read more » Captive Care of Latin American Ratsnakes – The Tiger Ratsnake

The Marine Toad, Bufo marinus (recently re-classified as Rhinella marina) in Nature and Captivity – Part I, Natural History

[…]water and in waters containing high fish populations. Large females may lay as many as 36,000 eggs, attached in strings to aquatic vegetation.  In contrast to most frogs, both eggs and tadpoles are protected by virulent toxins.  The tadpoles take 10 days to 6 months to transform, depending upon temperature […]
Read more » The Marine Toad, Bufo marinus (recently re-classified as Rhinella marina) in Nature and Captivity – Part I, Natural History

The Keeled Box Turtle – a Hardy Species in Need of Captive Breeding – Part 2

[…]they may seriously injure females if not monitored closely. A typical clutch contains 1-5 eggs, which hatch after an incubation period of 97-108 days at a temperature of 82F.  The carapace of the hatchlings, attractively marked in dark brown with a bright orange rim, is 1.4-1.6 inches long. Diet Keeled […]
Read more » The Keeled Box Turtle – a Hardy Species in Need of Captive Breeding – Part 2

“Begging Behavior” Among Tadpoles of the Strawberry Poison Frog, Oophaga (formerly Dendrobates) pumilio

[…]moves against her, stiffens, and vibrates. This stimulates the female to release 1-5 unfertilized eggs, which comprise the tadpole’s sole diet. She visits and feeds each of her offspring, every other day or so, for the 43-52 days that they remain in the tadpole stage…no wonder these tiny moms eat […]
Read more » “Begging Behavior” Among Tadpoles of the Strawberry Poison Frog, Oophaga (formerly Dendrobates) pumilio

Herp Notes – Seagoing Frogs, Parthenogenic Snakes, and a Request for Your Observations

[…]Cuban natives have been transported around the world, hidden among plants and soil.  Their eggs are laid on land, and the tadpole stage is passed within the egg, so the frogs readily establish themselves in greenhouses and other warm, humid habitats.  It always pays to (discretely) poke around in walk-through […]
Read more » Herp Notes – Seagoing Frogs, Parthenogenic Snakes, and a Request for Your Observations

Millipede Diets – Feeding the Giant African Millipede and its Relatives – Part 1

[…]consists of coconut husk  and top soil.  Millipedes need to burrow, especially when laying eggs and molting, so keep at least 4-6 inches of substrate available to them.  A layer of gravel at the terrarium’s bottom will assist in drainage. Dietary Variety As we know little about the actual nutritional […]
Read more » Millipede Diets – Feeding the Giant African Millipede and its Relatives – Part 1

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Black (Eastern) Ratsnake, Elaphe (obsoleta) alleghaniensis

[…]had it been overcome, eventually escaped. Reproduction Mating occurs from March to May, with 6-30 eggs being laid 27-28 days thereafter. Second clutches, laid in August, have been reported in captive situations but not in the wild. The eggs are secreted in cavities below fallen trees and rocks, or within […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Black (Eastern) Ratsnake, Elaphe (obsoleta) alleghaniensis

Spotted Turtle Care: Is This Beauty the Perfect Small Turtle Pet?

[…]length and width of the turtle) provisioned with 6-8 inches of slightly moist soil and sand. The eggs may be incubated in moist vermiculite at 82-84 F for 50-85 days.   Gravid females that do not nest should be seen by a veterinarian as egg retention invariably leads to a […]
Read more » Spotted Turtle Care: Is This Beauty the Perfect Small Turtle Pet?
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