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Habits and Husbandry of the New Caledonia Giant Gecko

[…]them to bark within hollows and beneath bark.  Oddly enough, captives almost always deposit their eggs on the ground, even when provided with seemingly suitable arboreal sites. The eggs hatch in 40-60 days. One member of the genus, R. l. trachyrhynchus, gives birth to live young. Diet Fruit, sap, nectar, […]
Read more » Habits and Husbandry of the New Caledonia Giant Gecko

A Most Unusual Lizard – the Crocodile, Armored or Casque-headed Skink

[…]female Crocodile Skinks may produce up to 6 eggs each year. Female Crocodile Skinks guard their eggs during the 70 day incubation period.  In captivity they cover the eggs with substrate when foraging and lunge at intruders.  The hatchlings stay in close proximity to the female for approximately 2 weeks.  […]
Read more » A Most Unusual Lizard – the Crocodile, Armored or Casque-headed Skink

Crested Gecko Care: Breeding Crested Geckos

[…]to store sperm. Those purchased as adults, or separated from a male, may still produce fertile eggs. As mentioned above, females that have not mated may also develop eggs, which must be deposited.   Stay alert for signs that a female may be egg-bound – lethargy, swollen abdomen, straining – […]

Breeding the Green and Gold Bell Frog and Welcoming its Extinct Relative – Part 2

[…]producing huge egg masses shortly thereafter.  I estimated the average clutch to contain 500-600 eggs, but up to 12,000 eggs have been reported as being produced by a single female. The eggs hatched in 4 days at 78F, and the tadpoles were among the most ravenous I’ve ever encountered – […]
Read more » Breeding the Green and Gold Bell Frog and Welcoming its Extinct Relative – Part 2

Aggression in Male Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) and Nesting Behavior in Females: the Effects of Hormonal Changes and the Breeding Season

[…]need further information. Veterinary intervention may be required if the female refuses to lay her eggs.  In many cases, an injection of oxytosin is effective in causing the eggs to be expelled. Further Reading I’ve written about my experiences with wild green iguanas in another article on this blog.  Please […]
Read more » Aggression in Male Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) and Nesting Behavior in Females: the Effects of Hormonal Changes and the Breeding Season

The Yellow-Spotted Sideneck Turtle , Podocnemis unifilis, in the Wild and Captivity: Natural History – Part 2

[…]were likely 60-70 years old.  Several times I was called to Kennedy Airport to identify turtle eggs found in luggage (and, in one case, filling 2 shopping bags!).  Twice I was tempted to identify seized eggs as belonging to a sea turtle, but upon close examination and some research into […]
Read more » The Yellow-Spotted Sideneck Turtle , Podocnemis unifilis, in the Wild and Captivity: Natural History – Part 2

First Completely Monogamous Amphibian Identified – the Mimic Poison Frog

[…]up to 6 tadpoles to individual pools at the bases of bromeliads (like all Dendrobatids, their eggs are deposited on land) and call to their mates when feeding time arrives.  The female then visits the pool and deposits an unfertilized egg, which is consumed by the tadpole. The Effect of […]
Read more » First Completely Monogamous Amphibian Identified – the Mimic Poison Frog

The Mantellas – Madagascar’s Answer to the Dendrobatids (Poison Frogs)

[…]or in trees, are protected by virulent skin toxins, exhibit complex breeding behaviors, and lay eggs in on land. Mantella reproductive strategies roughly follow those of the Poison Frogs.  Males call during the day from exposed sites on land – light markings on the vocal sacs may serve as a […]
Read more » The Mantellas – Madagascar’s Answer to the Dendrobatids (Poison Frogs)

Malayan and Kuhl’s Flying Geckos – Breeding and Care

[…]the fall and winter may also be useful, but is not critical (please write in for details). The Eggs Gravid female swell noticeably, and their 2 eggs will be visible through the skin in time.  A well-fed female may produce 3, or possibly more, clutches of 2 eggs each.  I’ve […]
Read more » Malayan and Kuhl’s Flying Geckos – Breeding and Care

A Snake Breeder’s Delight – the African House Snake

[…]usually occurs in the spring, with healthy females producing multiple clutches of 2-16 eggs each summer and fall.  At 82 F, eggs typically hatch in 65-72 days, but a range of 55-85 days has been reported.  Hatch rates are invariably high, often approaching 100%. The young average 6-10 inches in […]
Read more » A Snake Breeder’s Delight – the African House Snake

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Trans-Pecos Ratsnake – Part 2

[…]with eggs being produced after a gestation period of 35-50 days.  Clutches may contain 2-10 eggs, with 5 being typical.  Eggs hatch after an incubation period of 75 days at 82 F, with a range of 65-105 days, depending upon temperature.  Hatchlings average 12-15 inches in length.     Further […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Trans-Pecos Ratsnake – Part 2

The King Cobra or Hamadryad, Ophiophagus hannah – natural history and zoological park husbandry – Part 1

[…]body, the female scrapes together a pile of rotting leaves and other vegetation, into which the eggs are deposited. Some construct a two-chambered nest, with the upper chamber serving as retreat for the female, while others merely coil on top of the leaf pile. The female guards her 20-60 eggs […]
Read more » The King Cobra or Hamadryad, Ophiophagus hannah – natural history and zoological park husbandry – Part 1

Breeding the Great Crested Newt, Triturus cristatus – Part 2

[…]their tails, and eventually pick up the spermatophore that the male has dropped. Several hundred eggs are laid, each being individually attached to an aquatic plant. Females use their rear legs to bend a plant leaf around each egg – quite an ordeal, and well-worth watching! Adults may consume eggs […]
Read more » Breeding the Great Crested Newt, Triturus cristatus – Part 2

Chameleons as Pets: Breeding Senegal Chameleons

[…]basking bulb, or an additional one, should be used to warm the nesting area.   Incubating the Eggs Senegal Chameleon eggs have been successfully incubated at temperatures ranging from 72 to 80 F. At 77 F, they typically hatch in 6 months. A high-quality reptile egg incubator is the surest […]
Read more » Chameleons as Pets: Breeding Senegal Chameleons

How to Breed Dwarf African Clawed Frogs

[…]in 1-7 hours, and can include 50 -350 individual egg-laying trips to the surface; as many as 1,000 eggs may be deposited. The Eggs The tiny (2 mm diameter) eggs float and stick to aquatic plants.  Those of H. curtipes are brownish in color; H. boettgeri eggs are a bit […]

Darwin’s Frog is Extinct – Males “Nursed” Tadpoles in their Vocal Sacs

[…]season.  Amplexus and egg-deposition occurs on land. Thereafter, males guard their 20-40 large eggs for approximately 20 days. Once the tadpoles begin moving within the eggs, they are taken into the male’s mouth and maneuvered through openings that lead into the vocal sac. Perhaps as an adaptation to its most unusual […]
Read more » Darwin’s Frog is Extinct – Males “Nursed” Tadpoles in their Vocal Sacs

How To Breed Green Anoles and Raise the Youngsters

[…]arrives.  Please see these articles for further information on collecting insects. Incubating the Eggs Eggs may be incubated in vermiculite or moist sphagnum moss.  I prefer to use a vermiculite and water in a 1:1 ratio by weight (please see this article for details on setting this up), but success […]
Read more » How To Breed Green Anoles and Raise the Youngsters

Frog Diets: Supplement Raises Poison Frog Egg Output & Tadpole Survival

[…]Frogs were included in the study. The increased tadpole survival was attributed to higher quality eggs being produced by female frogs. Infertile eggs, which are deposited by females as food for their tadpoles, were also believed to be of higher nutritional value following carotenoid supplementation.   A number of the […]
Read more » Frog Diets: Supplement Raises Poison Frog Egg Output & Tadpole Survival

A Monitor First – Male Rosenberg’s Monitors Cover and Guard Nests

[…]seem not to remain nearby).  Amazingly, in 8 instances a male joined the female in protecting the eggs. Other Rosenberg’s Monitors are the primary threat to eggs.  Females guarding nests attacked male intruders twice their own weight, and repelled them in most cases.  The vicious fights that ensued frequently left […]
Read more » A Monitor First – Male Rosenberg’s Monitors Cover and Guard Nests

Breeding White’s Treefrogs and White-Lipped Treefrogs – Part 1

[…]or so. The Eggs If all goes well, you will one morning find yourself in possession of thousands of eggs.  It is wise to plan ahead and arrange for friends or nature centers to take some of the eggs, as crowded conditions can cause the loss of the entire clutch.  […]
Read more » Breeding White’s Treefrogs and White-Lipped Treefrogs – Part 1

The Unique, Endangered Panamanian Golden Frog or Harlequin Toad – Part 1

[…]territory are attacked, and a wrestling bout ensues. Eggs A single egg strand, containing 200-650 eggs, is laid by each female. The egg strand is attached to a large rock, which protects it from fast currents. The eggs hatch in 7-10 days. Tadpoles The tadpoles are dark with golden flecks […]
Read more » The Unique, Endangered Panamanian Golden Frog or Harlequin Toad – Part 1

2010’s Reptile Discoveries – New Lizard Species and Facts

[…]to a live-bearing lizard!  Populations in New South Wales’ warm coastal regions produce eggs, while those inhabiting cool mountain slopes give birth to live young. Cool temperatures are associated with live-bearing in herps ranging from Alpine Newts to European Vipers, but only 2 other lizards (Bougainville’s Skink and the Viviparous […]
Read more » 2010’s Reptile Discoveries – New Lizard Species and Facts

Turtles Seek Heat While Still in the Egg…Do They Also Choose Their Sex?!

[…]by shining a strong light at the shell (a process known as “candling”).  Some of the eggs were buried in “nests” located on sloping ground, where sun exposure would vary, while others were located on flat ground, where the sun would strike the eggs evenly.  All of the embryos in […]
Read more » Turtles Seek Heat While Still in the Egg…Do They Also Choose Their Sex?!

North America’s Colorful, Venomous Lizard – The Gila Monster, Heloderma suspectum

[…]also take the eggs and chicks of doves, quail and other ground-nesting birds, lizards and their eggs, tortoise eggs, locusts and other large insects and carrion. These lizards are well-adapted to a harsh environment in which food is often scarce.  They gorge when food is available, consuming up to 50% […]
Read more » North America’s Colorful, Venomous Lizard – The Gila Monster, Heloderma suspectum

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mertens’ Water Monitor – Part 2

[…]eat nearly every day without fear of obesity setting in. Breeding Clutches range in size from 6-15 eggs; when incubated at 85F they hatch in approximately 275 days. Mertens’ Monitors have evolved in habitats subjected to fluctuating weather extremes, and their eggs are quite resilient – incubation periods of 180-330 […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mertens’ Water Monitor – Part 2

The Monitor Lizards (Family Varanidae) – Family Overview and Species Accounts; – Some Interesting Monitors and Their Care – Part II

[…]species. Mine thrive upon waxworms, crickets, crayfish, super mealworms, roaches, chicks and quail eggs. Pink mice are given every two weeks or so. Canned insects and monitor diets are often accepted and should be included as a source of dietary variety. Breeding Females lay 2-6 eggs at a time, and […]
Read more » The Monitor Lizards (Family Varanidae) – Family Overview and Species Accounts; – Some Interesting Monitors and Their Care – Part II

The Complex Life of a Common Pet – the Terrestrial or Caribbean Hermit Crab

[…]unique organs located on her 4th pair of legs.  She then remains on land carrying her fertilized eggs for a month or so before heading to the sea. In most populations, all gravid (egg-bearing) females march seaward at the same time, resulting in quite a spectacle.  This may be an […]
Read more » The Complex Life of a Common Pet – the Terrestrial or Caribbean Hermit Crab

Corn Snake Notes: History, Breeding Preparations, Color Phases – Part 1

[…]small clutches and weak offspring. Mating occurs from March to June in most regions, with the eggs being laid 25-50 days thereafter. A second clutch may be produced in late summer/early fall. An average clutch consists of 16 eggs, but may range from 6-26. At 82 F, incubation time averages […]
Read more » Corn Snake Notes: History, Breeding Preparations, Color Phases – Part 1

Choosing the Ideal Substrate for Reptiles, Amphibians and Invertebrates – Part 1

[…]are likely to lay eggs within the terrarium, the substrate should be of a type that will allow the eggs to thrive until discovered.  The tiny eggs of many geckos and anoles are easy to miss, and may desiccate if deposited in a dry area. Live Plants: the needs of […]
Read more » Choosing the Ideal Substrate for Reptiles, Amphibians and Invertebrates – Part 1

Feeding Captive Savannah Monitors (Varanus exanthematicus) and Black and White Tegus (Tupinambis merianae): Zoo Med’s Canned Tegu and Monitor Diet

[…]useful food items are land snails (available in seafood markets), tomato hornworms, hard boiled eggs (in moderation, i.e. once monthly) and canned grasshoppers , silkworms  and snails.  Pink and fuzzy mice (these are preferable to adult mice and rats) may be offered every 10-14 days. My Observations of Wild Black […]
Read more » Feeding Captive Savannah Monitors (Varanus exanthematicus) and Black and White Tegus (Tupinambis merianae): Zoo Med’s Canned Tegu and Monitor Diet

An Introduction to Geckos

[…]survive in Madagascar’s forest canopy, reached 24 inches in length. Geckos generally lay 2 eggs, although some bear live young. Arboreal types often glue their eggs to tree branches or building walls. Most are insectivorous, but many take nectar and over-ripe fruits as well. The voracious tokay gecko, Gekko gecko, […]

The Natural History of the Ball Python, Python regius: Ball Pythons in the Wild

[…]species have been shown to actively raise the temperature of their clutch by coiling about the eggs and “shivering”.  In captive situations, I have observed incubating female blood pythons (Python curtus) and Burmese pythons (P. molurus bivittatus) to raise their eggs by 7F above the ambient air temperature.  Field research […]
Read more » The Natural History of the Ball Python, Python regius: Ball Pythons in the Wild

Frog Facts: New Species Has Fangs and Gives Birth to Live Tadpoles!

[…]that eat bark, their mother’s eggs and even their father’s skin, along with parents that carry eggs or young in skin pouches, vocal sacs and even stomachs. None, however, were known to give birth to live tadpoles. As you’ll see below, a herpetologist’s extremely lucky catch, at just the right […]
Read more » Frog Facts: New Species Has Fangs and Gives Birth to Live Tadpoles!

Senegal Chameleons and Related Species – Common Health Problems

[…]female Senegal Chameleons.  Depressed calcium levels will prevent the female from expelling her eggs; veterinary intervention is essential if death is to be prevented. The lack of a suitable nesting site can also cause a female to retain her eggs, even if she is in good health.  Please write in […]
Read more » Senegal Chameleons and Related Species – Common Health Problems

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Asian Flying Frog (Golden Treefrog)

[…]actively seek the water’s edge.  I’ve experimentally moved water bowls from under hatching eggs and have found that the tadpoles are indeed amazingly mobile on the ground and travel to the water’s edge with surprising speed. Lowering the terrarium’s temperature to 68F for 2 weeks, followed by a period of […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Asian Flying Frog (Golden Treefrog)

Amphibian Breeding Migrations – Protecting a Spectacular Rite of Spring – Part 2

[…]and others such as Marbled Salamanders, most Treefrogs and Toads, and many Newts, deposit their eggs in temporary pools of water that form in late winter and dry out by mid-summer.  By avoiding permanent bodies of water, they remove the threat of fish predation upon themselves and their eggs and […]
Read more » Amphibian Breeding Migrations – Protecting a Spectacular Rite of Spring – Part 2

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Green and Black Poison Frog

[…]and legs. The female is eventually led to a nest site below the leaf litter, where she lays 4-6 eggs, which are externally fertilized. The male moves from clutch to clutch, shedding water on the eggs, rotating them and removing fungus.  Males seem able to predict hatching, and are nearly […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Green and Black Poison Frog

The Black Pine Snake – the Rarest Species in a Well-known Group

[…]in both zoos and the private sector. Reproduction Mating occurs in the spring, and 3-24 eggs are laid in June-August.  The clutch is hidden in a burrow or, less frequently, below a rock or log.  The young hatch in 64-79 days at 12-18 inches in length. Diet The natural diet […]
Read more » The Black Pine Snake – the Rarest Species in a Well-known Group

Captive Care of the Ball or Royal Python, Python regius – Part 2

[…]cool (January-February in some areas), during much of the breeding season, and while incubating eggs.  They are well adapted to long fasts, and frequently go off-feed in captivity.  This can occur even in captive-hatched animals, tuned, perhaps, to an internally-controlled cycle, and is rarely a cause for concern. Individuals that […]
Read more » Captive Care of the Ball or Royal Python, Python regius – Part 2

Amphibian and Reptile Emergencies – Prolapsed Cloaca

[…]the conditions that may have led to the prolapse – dehydration, constipation, straining to expel eggs and trauma caused by scent marking (rubbing the cloaca along the substrate) – are most common.  Of course, environmental conditions must be evaluated with each species’ biology in mind – conditions that are suitable […]
Read more » Amphibian and Reptile Emergencies – Prolapsed Cloaca

The Monitor Lizards (Family Varanidae) – Family Overview and Species Accounts; – Some Interesting Monitors and Their Care – Part I

[…]young tree kangaroos, naked-tailed rats, bandicoots, bats and other mammals, birds and their eggs, frogs, snakes, lizards and carrion.  Captives do well on rats, mice, chicks, crayfish, large roaches and hard-boiled eggs. Image referenced from Wikipedia. Check back on Friday for more Monitor Species […]
Read more » The Monitor Lizards (Family Varanidae) – Family Overview and Species Accounts; – Some Interesting Monitors and Their Care – Part I

The Spotted Salamander, Ambystoma maculatum – Part II, Natural History

[…]take this into their cloaca (reproductive opening) and fertilization occurs internally. The eggs are laid in compact, jelly-covered masses that are attached to twigs, plants or sunken logs. Each mass contains 50-160 eggs. The sight of 20 or more large, brilliantly marked salamanders writhing together in as they vie for […]
Read more » The Spotted Salamander, Ambystoma maculatum – Part II, Natural History

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Red-Tailed Ratsnake (Red-Tailed Racer), Gonyosoma oxycephalum, and Jansen’s Ratsnake (Sulawesi Ratsnake, Black-Tailed Ratsnake) – G. jansenii – Part 2

[…]for a period of 8 years or so.  Gravid females seek secluded, moist sites in which to lay their eggs; damp sphagnum moss within a cave,  flower pot, or cork bark retreat is ideal.  Some individuals seem to prefer elevated nest sites; perhaps in the wild eggs are sometimes deposited […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Red-Tailed Ratsnake (Red-Tailed Racer), Gonyosoma oxycephalum, and Jansen’s Ratsnake (Sulawesi Ratsnake, Black-Tailed Ratsnake) – G. jansenii – Part 2

The Natural History and Captive Husbandry of the Taiwan Beauty Snake or Chinese Ratsnake, Orthriophis (formerly “Elaphe”) taeniurus friesei

[…]rodent control measure. Diet Squirrels, rats, mice, bats and other small mammals, birds and their eggs; hatchlings feed largely upon treefrogs and lizards. Prey is overcome by constriction. Reproduction The 6-10 eggs are laid in May-June, but other than that reproduction in the wild is not well documented. Please see […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Husbandry of the Taiwan Beauty Snake or Chinese Ratsnake, Orthriophis (formerly “Elaphe”) taeniurus friesei

The Crocodile Monitor Lizard – Reality and Legend

[…]renders it a conservation concern.  Listed on CITES Appendix II. Reproduction Females lay 6-12 eggs at a time, and up to 3 clutches per year in captivity (multiple clutches may be a function of food availability), with arboreal nest sites being favored.  In common with other tree-dwelling monitors, they likely […]
Read more » The Crocodile Monitor Lizard – Reality and Legend

Calabar Ground and Mexican Dwarf Pythons – Unique Burrowers for Python Fans

[…]in rodent burrows, and have even been seen to enter iguana and sea turtle nests to prey upon eggs. Captive Care Mexican Dwarf Pythons can be kept as has been described for Calabar Ground Pythons, but need a drier substrate and less misting.  A shredded bark – sand mix suits […]
Read more » Calabar Ground and Mexican Dwarf Pythons – Unique Burrowers for Python Fans

The Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis carolinensis) in the Wild and Captivity – Care in Captivity – Part 4

[…]cyclic changes in temperature, light and humidity levels.  Watch for young animals, as undetected eggs may hatch within the terrarium. Green anoles originating from the northern portions of the range require longer and cooler “winters” than do those from the south.  In fact, southern-range animals are different, physiologically, from those […]
Read more » The Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis carolinensis) in the Wild and Captivity – Care in Captivity – Part 4

Meet the Green Frog – Typical “Pond Frog” of the USA – Part 2

[…]due to shoreline development and the introduction of Bass, Carp and other fishes, which consume eggs and tadpoles. In recent years, deformed Green Frogs have been found in ever-increasing numbers.  The cause is unknown, but pesticide or other chemical pollution is suspected.  Farm ponds usually have a higher incidence of […]
Read more » Meet the Green Frog – Typical “Pond Frog” of the USA – Part 2

Reptile and Amphibian Foods – Breeding and Rearing Grasshoppers and Locusts

[…]food in water-filled jars (stuffed with cotton) so that it remains fresh. Unfortunately, the eggs of most US natives require a period of cold temperatures if they are to hatch.  I’ve had some luck refrigerating eggs at 38 F for 4 weeks, but the technique needs fine-tuning.  Collecting (in pesticide-free […]
Read more » Reptile and Amphibian Foods – Breeding and Rearing Grasshoppers and Locusts

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mudpuppy – Part 2

[…]while far from routine, is possible.  Mudpuppies become sexually mature at 4-6 years of age. The eggs are laid individually in a cavity below a rock or log and take 6-10 weeks to develop. The female guards the eggs during the entire incubation period. The larvae are nearly 1 inch […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Mudpuppy – Part 2
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