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Egg Retention (Dystocia) in Turtles – the Problem and Some Solutions – Part 1

[…]breeding habits of this most prolific turtle. Video of a Snapping Turtle digging a nest and laying eggs. Snapping turtle laying eggs image referenced from wikipedia and originally posted by […]
Read more » Egg Retention (Dystocia) in Turtles – the Problem and Some Solutions – Part 1

Constructing a Rain Chamber – the Ultimate Amphibian Breeding Technique

[…]of cork bark might be needed as well. Keep a sponge filter or corner filter handy for use once the eggs are deposited and the adults removed. Other Techniques The Zoo Med Canister Filter comes equipped with a spray bar…I’ve not yet tried, but since the filter can be operated […]
Read more » Constructing a Rain Chamber – the Ultimate Amphibian Breeding Technique

Introducing the Nosy Be Gecko (aka Spearpoint Leaf-tailed Gecko), Part 1

[…]spring and summer. Despite being persistently arboreal, females descend to the ground and bury the eggs in moist earth or below leaf litter.  Mature eggs can be seen through the abdominal skin of the females.  The eggs hatch in 3-6 months, depending upon temperature, and the young reach adult size […]
Read more » Introducing the Nosy Be Gecko (aka Spearpoint Leaf-tailed Gecko), Part 1

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Smokey Jungle Frog – Part 1

[…]forearms). Male Smokey Jungle Frogs use their powerful rear legs to whip the jelly surrounding the eggs into a frothy mass of sperm, jelly, skin secretions, air and water.  This nest surrounds the eggs and is deposited in a natural (or possibly self-dug) depression in the ground, usually at the […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Smokey Jungle Frog – Part 1

Something New for Insect-Keepers – The Aquatic Sunburst and Green Diving Beetles – Part 2

[…]may reach 2-3 years of age. Breeding Both Sunburst and Green Diving Beetles deposit eggs on live plants. A dip in temperature and shortened light cycle for 4-6 weeks may stimulate reproduction, but is not absolutely necessary.   Some have reported consistent breeding following a “drought/rain cycle” (water level is dropped […]
Read more » Something New for Insect-Keepers – The Aquatic Sunburst and Green Diving Beetles – Part 2

Breeding the Green Basilisk and Related Species – Part 2

[…]hatchlings in large exhibits without having been aware that a nest was present. Incubating the Eggs The eggs should be removed to a reptile egg incubator set at 82-85 F.  At these temperatures, the eggs will hatch in 60-70 days.  The hatchlings average just over 5 inches in length, and […]
Read more » Breeding the Green Basilisk and Related Species – Part 2

Current Field Research – Amphibian Behavior and Natural History

[…]A Rusty Wandering Spider (Cupiennius getazi) was photographed while consuming Red-Eyed Treefrog eggs, which had been deposited on a leaf overhanging a small pond.  Interestingly, the spider appeared to defend its food source. The eggs did not spontaneously hatch when disturbed by the spider, as they do when attacked by […]
Read more » Current Field Research – Amphibian Behavior and Natural History

Something New for Insect-keepers – Sunburst and Green Diving Beetles – Part 1

[…]insects that have fallen into the water and carrion are also taken. Reproduction Diving Beetle eggs are attached to aquatic plants.  The elongated, aquatic larvae are known as “Water Tigers” and, equipped with out-sized jaws, attack prey much larger than themselves.  The larvae pupate on land – in mud at […]
Read more » Something New for Insect-keepers – Sunburst and Green Diving Beetles – Part 1

Breeding the Green (Plumed) Basilisk and Related Species – Part 1

[…]both produced quite large clutches, as I remeber – perhaps they were in a hurry!). Seven to 15 eggs (average 10), laid at 3-5 minute intervals, will be deposited in the nest hole, which is then carefully re-filled with soil through the use of both front and rear legs.   […]
Read more » Breeding the Green (Plumed) Basilisk and Related Species – Part 1

The Keeled Box Turtle – a Hardy Species in Need of Captive Breeding – Part 2

[…]they may seriously injure females if not monitored closely. A typical clutch contains 1-5 eggs, which hatch after an incubation period of 97-108 days at a temperature of 82F.  The carapace of the hatchlings, attractively marked in dark brown with a bright orange rim, is 1.4-1.6 inches long. Diet Keeled […]
Read more » The Keeled Box Turtle – a Hardy Species in Need of Captive Breeding – Part 2

Rough and Smooth Green Snakes – Beautiful Insect-Eaters for Planted Terrariums – Part 1

[…]people report that both species often occur at high densities in certain areas, and that the eggs of many females may be found together.  Interestingly, students of mine consistently claim to have observed Rough Green Snakes in abandoned lots in NYC (Bronx), but I have been unable to confirm this. […]
Read more » Rough and Smooth Green Snakes – Beautiful Insect-Eaters for Planted Terrariums – Part 1

New Form of Communication Revealed – Plant-Vibrating Red-Eyed Treefrogs

[…]to uncover further surprises. Further Reading Vibrations are also important to this species’ eggs – they hatch spontaneously when attacked by snakes. Read more here. For more info on frog hand signals, please see The Unique Panamanian Golden Frog.   Red eyed Tree Frog (second image) image referenced from wikipedia and originally […]
Read more » New Form of Communication Revealed – Plant-Vibrating Red-Eyed Treefrogs

Feeding Dwarf African Clawed Frogs

[…]a well-planted aquarium, a group will provide much of interest to observe – and, perhaps, even eggs (more on breeding next time). Further Reading For more on Dwarf Frog care, please see: Distinguishing the African from the Dwarf African Clawed Frog Live Foods: Worms and Worm Look-alikes […]

Meet the Green Frog – Typical “Pond Frog” of the USA – Part 2

[…]due to shoreline development and the introduction of Bass, Carp and other fishes, which consume eggs and tadpoles. In recent years, deformed Green Frogs have been found in ever-increasing numbers.  The cause is unknown, but pesticide or other chemical pollution is suspected.  Farm ponds usually have a higher incidence of […]
Read more » Meet the Green Frog – Typical “Pond Frog” of the USA – Part 2

Large, Colorful Monitor Lizard Discovered – the Second New Monitor This Month!

[…]to the Forest Monitor, appears to consume a more traditional monitor diet of birds and their eggs, small mammals, invertebrates and carrion. Further Reading The official announcement of the new species and photographs are posted on the website of the University of California, Santa Barbara.   Black Tree Monitor image […]
Read more » Large, Colorful Monitor Lizard Discovered – the Second New Monitor This Month!

New Edition of Newts and Salamanders, A Complete Pet Owner’s Manual, is Published

[…]is a small sample of the newts and salamanders that are discussed at length: Eastern Newt Mexican Axolotl Olm Tiger, Spotted and Marbled Salamanders Hellbender Lesser and Dwarf Siren Red-Backed Salamander Mudpuppy Fire Salamander One, Two and Three Toed Amphiumas California Newt Fire Bellied Newt Dusky Salamander Spanish Ribbed Newt […]
Read more » New Edition of Newts and Salamanders, A Complete Pet Owner’s Manual, is Published

The Natural History of the Leopard Tortoise – Part 1

[…]are often surprised to find that males are surprisingly vocal during copulation! Females lay eggs from May-October, often taking over 2 hours to dig the nest hole; 5-7 clutches of 5-30 eggs each may be produced each year.  Egg output is related to the size and condition of the female […]
Read more » The Natural History of the Leopard Tortoise – Part 1

Choosing the Ideal Substrate for Reptiles, Amphibians and Invertebrates – Part 1

[…]are likely to lay eggs within the terrarium, the substrate should be of a type that will allow the eggs to thrive until discovered.  The tiny eggs of many geckos and anoles are easy to miss, and may desiccate if deposited in a dry area. Live Plants: the needs of […]
Read more » Choosing the Ideal Substrate for Reptiles, Amphibians and Invertebrates – Part 1

Breeding the Green and Gold Bell Frog and Welcoming its Extinct Relative – Part 2

[…]producing huge egg masses shortly thereafter.  I estimated the average clutch to contain 500-600 eggs, but up to 12,000 eggs have been reported as being produced by a single female. The eggs hatched in 4 days at 78F, and the tadpoles were among the most ravenous I’ve ever encountered – […]
Read more » Breeding the Green and Gold Bell Frog and Welcoming its Extinct Relative – Part 2

Amphibian Breeding Migrations – Protecting a Spectacular Rite of Spring – Part 2

[…]and others such as Marbled Salamanders, most Treefrogs and Toads, and many Newts, deposit their eggs in temporary pools of water that form in late winter and dry out by mid-summer.  By avoiding permanent bodies of water, they remove the threat of fish predation upon themselves and their eggs and […]
Read more » Amphibian Breeding Migrations – Protecting a Spectacular Rite of Spring – Part 2

Amazing Fossil Confirms that Ancient Snakes Consumed Dinosaurs

[…]The most dramatic I’ve seen (many times!) depicts a small dinosaur incubating a clutch of eggs, and is on exhibit at the American Museum of Natural History. Further Reading Please see my article on Titanoboa to learn about a 43-foot-long, 2,500 pound Anaconda ancestor. You can see a re-creation of […]
Read more » Amazing Fossil Confirms that Ancient Snakes Consumed Dinosaurs

Amphibian Breeding Migrations – Protecting a Spectacular Rite of Spring – Part 1

[…]vernal (temporary) ponds in which to reproduce, as these cannot support fishes, the main enemy of eggs and larvae.  In many cases, the “ponds” are mere depressions that fill with rain for a few weeks, and then dry out. One of my favorite sites was just such a pond on […]
Read more » Amphibian Breeding Migrations – Protecting a Spectacular Rite of Spring – Part 1

First Completely Monogamous Amphibian Identified – the Mimic Poison Frog

[…]up to 6 tadpoles to individual pools at the bases of bromeliads (like all Dendrobatids, their eggs are deposited on land) and call to their mates when feeding time arrives.  The female then visits the pool and deposits an unfertilized egg, which is consumed by the tadpole. The Effect of […]
Read more » First Completely Monogamous Amphibian Identified – the Mimic Poison Frog

Habits and Husbandry of the New Caledonia Giant Gecko

[…]them to bark within hollows and beneath bark.  Oddly enough, captives almost always deposit their eggs on the ground, even when provided with seemingly suitable arboreal sites. The eggs hatch in 40-60 days. One member of the genus, R. l. trachyrhynchus, gives birth to live young. Diet Fruit, sap, nectar, […]
Read more » Habits and Husbandry of the New Caledonia Giant Gecko

The Chuckwalla – a Hardy, Personable Candidate for the Desert Terrarium – Part 2

[…]and is listed on CITES Appendix I. Reproduction Mating takes place in May-June, with 5-16 eggs being laid (buried in the sand) in June-August.  In the wild, females usually breed every other year, but captives may lay a clutch yearly. Diet, Natural and Captive Chuckwallas are largely herbivorous, consuming the […]
Read more » The Chuckwalla – a Hardy, Personable Candidate for the Desert Terrarium – Part 2

The Natural History and Care of Newts – Japanese and Chinese Fire-bellied Newts

[…]spermatophore is picked up by the female’s cloacal lips in typical salamander fashion. Eggs are individually attached to aquatic plants, with the tip of a leaf folded over each egg by the female. The incubation period is short, generally less than 2 weeks. The larvae sport external gills and are […]
Read more » The Natural History and Care of Newts – Japanese and Chinese Fire-bellied Newts

Breeding the Green Iguana – Indoor and Outdoor Nest Sites – Part 1

[…]site, but its better to induce them to lay in a specific place, so that you can easily remove the eggs for incubation (it’s difficult to successfully incubate eggs in an outdoor nest). Constructing an Outdoor Nest Site Gravid females will be drawn to dark, moist, protected nesting sites that […]
Read more » Breeding the Green Iguana – Indoor and Outdoor Nest Sites – Part 1

The Complex Life of a Common Pet – the Terrestrial or Caribbean Hermit Crab

[…]unique organs located on her 4th pair of legs.  She then remains on land carrying her fertilized eggs for a month or so before heading to the sea. In most populations, all gravid (egg-bearing) females march seaward at the same time, resulting in quite a spectacle.  This may be an […]
Read more » The Complex Life of a Common Pet – the Terrestrial or Caribbean Hermit Crab

The Natural History and Captive Care of Newts – Part 1

[…]breeding season, another characteristic that endears them to herptoculturists.  All deposit their eggs in water.  Newts generally spend about half of the year in water, but some exhibit a unique three-stage lifestyle – aquatic larvae, terrestrial sub-adults (or Efts) and fully-aquatic adults. Newts produce virulent skin toxins such as Tarichatoxin.  […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of Newts – Part 1

Licensed Wildlife Rehabilitators – Helping Injured Amphibians and Reptiles

[…]expertise.  In my work as a rehabilitator, I have been involved in removing and incubating eggs from road-killed Diamondback Terrapins, fashioning a “skateboard” for a 3-legged Ornate Box Turtle and a partial plastic carapace for a Gopher Tortoise, and many other interesting rescue efforts.  Marine and freshwater species are also […]
Read more » Licensed Wildlife Rehabilitators – Helping Injured Amphibians and Reptiles

Breeding Brazilian, Columbian and other Rainbow Boas in Captivity

[…]snake breeders start off with live-bearing species, so as to avoid the necessity of incubating eggs.  In the Family Boidae we find a wide range of possibilities, one of the most popular of which is the beautiful Rainbow Boa (Epicrates cenchria). Although not as widely kept as its much larger […]
Read more » Breeding Brazilian, Columbian and other Rainbow Boas in Captivity

Breeding the Common Kingsnake and it’s Relatives

[…]in late summer or early fall.  Clutch size varies from 3-21, with 9 eggs being the average. Eggs and Hatchlings Eggs incubated in moist vermiculite (use a vermiculite: water ratio of 1:1 by weight – please see article below for details) at 82 F will hatch in 45-75 days.  The […]
Read more » Breeding the Common Kingsnake and it’s Relatives

Garter Snakes in Captivity – Diet and Species Accounts – Part 4

[…]Aquatic Garter Snake (T. c. gigas) approaches 5 feet in length.  Aquatic Garter Snakes add fish eggs and leeches to their diets on occasion. Plains Garter Snake, T. radix The emergence of thousands of plains garter snakes from hibernation is a tourist attraction in parts of southern Canada.  A toad […]
Read more » Garter Snakes in Captivity – Diet and Species Accounts – Part 4

A Most Unusual Lizard – the Crocodile, Armored or Casque-headed Skink

[…]female Crocodile Skinks may produce up to 6 eggs each year. Female Crocodile Skinks guard their eggs during the 70 day incubation period.  In captivity they cover the eggs with substrate when foraging and lunge at intruders.  The hatchlings stay in close proximity to the female for approximately 2 weeks.  […]
Read more » A Most Unusual Lizard – the Crocodile, Armored or Casque-headed Skink

The Mantellas – Madagascar’s Answer to the Dendrobatids (Poison Frogs)

[…]or in trees, are protected by virulent skin toxins, exhibit complex breeding behaviors, and lay eggs in on land. Mantella reproductive strategies roughly follow those of the Poison Frogs.  Males call during the day from exposed sites on land – light markings on the vocal sacs may serve as a […]
Read more » The Mantellas – Madagascar’s Answer to the Dendrobatids (Poison Frogs)

The Black Pine Snake – the Rarest Species in a Well-known Group

[…]in both zoos and the private sector. Reproduction Mating occurs in the spring, and 3-24 eggs are laid in June-August.  The clutch is hidden in a burrow or, less frequently, below a rock or log.  The young hatch in 64-79 days at 12-18 inches in length. Diet The natural diet […]
Read more » The Black Pine Snake – the Rarest Species in a Well-known Group

Breeding the Great Crested Newt, Triturus cristatus – Part 2

[…]their tails, and eventually pick up the spermatophore that the male has dropped. Several hundred eggs are laid, each being individually attached to an aquatic plant. Females use their rear legs to bend a plant leaf around each egg – quite an ordeal, and well-worth watching! Adults may consume eggs […]
Read more » Breeding the Great Crested Newt, Triturus cristatus – Part 2

Common Problems When Raising Toads – Bloating and Paralysis

[…]many tadpoles will not survive even under the best of circumstances.  Some turtles lay infertile eggs, apparently to satiate predators and take attention away from viable ones – I have no hard evidence, but I would not be surprised to learn that weaker tadpoles serve a similar function. Feeding Tadpoles […]
Read more » Common Problems When Raising Toads – Bloating and Paralysis

Breeding the Great Crested Newt, Triturus cristatus – Part 1

[…]An increase in water depth may stimulate breeding outside of the normal cycle, but fewer viable eggs will be produced). Upon emergence from hibernation, the newts should be housed in aquarium, or their terrestrial terrarium should be modified to provide a large water area. Resting sites such as cork bark […]
Read more » Breeding the Great Crested Newt, Triturus cristatus – Part 1

The Crocodile Monitor Lizard – Reality and Legend

[…]renders it a conservation concern.  Listed on CITES Appendix II. Reproduction Females lay 6-12 eggs at a time, and up to 3 clutches per year in captivity (multiple clutches may be a function of food availability), with arboreal nest sites being favored.  In common with other tree-dwelling monitors, they likely […]
Read more » The Crocodile Monitor Lizard – Reality and Legend

Interesting Facts and the Care of the Senegal Chameleon

[…]enough to obtain a breeding pair, you’ll have your hands full…healthy females may lay 20-70 eggs at a time, twice each year!  Incubation time averages 6 months at 77 F, and sexual maturity may be reached by 5 months of age. The Smooth Chameleon The range of East Africa’s Smooth […]
Read more » Interesting Facts and the Care of the Senegal Chameleon

Research Note – Amazing Parental Care Supplied by Mountain Chicken Frogs

[…]oophagus (egg-eating) poison frog tadpoles, the chicken frog larvae do not wait until the eggs are actually deposited, but rather swarm about the female’s cloaca, eating ravenously as the eggs emerge.  It’s quite a scene! A Taxing Time for Mom Subsequent research has revealed that the harried mother uses her […]
Read more » Research Note – Amazing Parental Care Supplied by Mountain Chicken Frogs

The Western Hognose Snake – a Toad Specialist That Can do without Toads

[…]hog nose snakes take young ground nesting birds, mice, shrews, toads, lizards, snakes and reptile eggs. In one study, they were found to be a major predator on Pacific pond turtle nests. Those I’ve kept have done very well on small mice and quail eggs. Other Interesting Facts This snake’s […]
Read more » The Western Hognose Snake – a Toad Specialist That Can do without Toads

The Unique, Endangered Panamanian Golden Frog or Harlequin Toad – Part 1

[…]territory are attacked, and a wrestling bout ensues. Eggs A single egg strand, containing 200-650 eggs, is laid by each female. The egg strand is attached to a large rock, which protects it from fast currents. The eggs hatch in 7-10 days. Tadpoles The tadpoles are dark with golden flecks […]
Read more » The Unique, Endangered Panamanian Golden Frog or Harlequin Toad – Part 1

Corn Snake Notes: History, Breeding Preparations, Color Phases – Part 1

[…]small clutches and weak offspring. Mating occurs from March to June in most regions, with the eggs being laid 25-50 days thereafter. A second clutch may be produced in late summer/early fall. An average clutch consists of 16 eggs, but may range from 6-26. At 82 F, incubation time averages […]
Read more » Corn Snake Notes: History, Breeding Preparations, Color Phases – Part 1

Egg Size, Temperature and Genes Determine Lizard Hatchlings’ Sex

[…]of Sydney biologists have revealed that large skink eggs develop into females, while small eggs become males.  Furthermore, removing yolk from a large egg resulted in a male hatchling, despite the fact that female genes were present; adding yolk to a small egg over-rode the effect of the male genes […]
Read more » Egg Size, Temperature and Genes Determine Lizard Hatchlings’ Sex

Conservation Update: Endangered Anderson’s Salamanders Bred by US Hobbyists

[…]http://www.mexico-herps.com/caudata/ambystoma/ambystoma-andersoni. For information on the Mexican axolotl, please see my article The Natural History and Care of the Mexican Axolotl http://blogs.thatpetplace.com/thatreptileblog/2008/12/19/the-natural-history-and-captive-care-of-the-mexican-axolotl-ambystoma-mexicanum-natural-history-part-1/. Photos courtesy of Michael […]
Read more » Conservation Update: Endangered Anderson’s Salamanders Bred by US Hobbyists

Breeding White’s Treefrogs and White-Lipped Treefrogs – Part 2

[…]the sexes, preparation for breeding and egg-laying. The Tadpoles At 80-85 F, White’s treefrog eggs will begin to hatch in 24-40 hours. The tadpoles remain largely inactive for the first 1-3 days, during which time they should not be fed. Once they begin moving about, food should always be available. […]
Read more » Breeding White’s Treefrogs and White-Lipped Treefrogs – Part 2

Pitfall Traps – Part 2 – Caterpillar Hunter Beetles in the Terrarium

[…]a single beetle may consume 7-10 caterpillars each day, and each female produces 800-1,000 eggs. Captive Husbandry Caterpillar hunters make fascinating terrarium subjects.  Clad in beautiful iridescent colors, most are not at all shy about revealing a range of interesting behaviors.  They do well at normal room temperatures and can […]
Read more » Pitfall Traps – Part 2 – Caterpillar Hunter Beetles in the Terrarium

Millipede Diets – Feeding the Giant African Millipede and its Relatives – Part 1

[…]consists of coconut husk  and top soil.  Millipedes need to burrow, especially when laying eggs and molting, so keep at least 4-6 inches of substrate available to them.  A layer of gravel at the terrarium’s bottom will assist in drainage. Dietary Variety As we know little about the actual nutritional […]
Read more » Millipede Diets – Feeding the Giant African Millipede and its Relatives – Part 1
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