That Reptile Blog – Reptile, Amphibian and Exotic Pet Care and Information
Keeping different species of reptiles and amphibians together is an exciting prospect that offers special rewards. However, there are many potential pitfalls. Today I’d like to mention one of the more serious of these concerns – the transmission of parasites.
Particularly troublesome are organisms that are harmless to one animal but deadly to another. The most commonly encountered of these is an amoeba known as Entamoeba invadens. Usually benign in the digestive tracts of turtles and tortoises, it can be fatal to certain lizards and snakes.
Fortunately, this amoeba can be identified via fecal exams, and such should be performed on all turtles to be housed with other reptiles. Animals found to carry E. invadens can be cleared of the parasite by treatment with Metronidizole (a second dose is given after 3 weeks to kill amoebas recently emerged from drug-resistant cysts). Follow-up fecal exams at 4-6 month intervals are a good idea.
Equally important is good husbandry practices – proper temperatures, UVB exposure, etc. – so that your pets’ immune systems will be functioning optimally. As amoebas and other parasites are usually shed in the feces, close attention to hygiene is also vital. You should be especially careful when housing closely-related species together, as a parasite adapted to one will easily infect the other. In fact, micro-organisms that are relatively harmless to one species can easily kill a relative from another part of the world. This is one reason why zoos rarely exhibit, for example, turtles from North America in the same enclosure as turtles from Europe.
Finally, the importance of caution regarding the transmission of micro-organisms between animals and people cannot be over-stressed. This concern applies to healthy individuals and especially to infants, elderly people and anyone with a compromised immune system or similar health concern. Please consult your physician as to appropriate cleaning practices and special situations. I’ll explore this important topic further in a future article, but please forward any questions or comments in the meantime.
An excellent article, Salmonella Hygiene, is available at the web site of the Association of Reptile and Amphibian Veterinarians:
www.araz.org
You can learn more about reptile and amphibian health at the very informative web site of the Arizona Exotic Animal Hospital:
www.azeah.com
Frank,
me again, Sandy:-). I found this post deliberately becasue I wanted to know more about parasites in African Sidenecks. After three months I finally noticed something strange. On two spearate occasions there has been white stringy material wrapped around his feces. The material was 2 inches long the first time and 4 inches the next. I thought it was a tapeworm or parasite because after he got rid of it, he did not eat as much for a day or two, then he went right back to a normal eating pattern. No one else seems to know what it is and have never heard of it. Can you help? He mostly eats mealworm and earthworms now and occasionally has goldfish. I have given him shrimp as a treat but he didn’t really eat it…
Hello Sandy, Frank Indiviglio here.
Nice to hear from you again. Most turtles harbor some parasites, which could be what you saw; however, a fecal exam by a veterinarian is the only way to identify what type of parasite is present, as there are a great many possibilities. The exam is helpful even if the actual parasite is not present in the sample, because eggs or other evidence can often be found. Please let me know if you need me to try and refer you to a local vet. Always wash well after handling turtles or their enclosures, and do not wash turtle tanks, etc. in sinks used for food preparation – Salmonella and other diseases can transfer to people (your vet can provide detailed precautions).
Try to add Reptomin or another balanced pellet to the diet to assure adequate vitamin/mineral intake (keep him hungry for awhile to encourage him to try these). Also, alternate goldfish with minnows or shiners, goldfish alone, long term, can lead to health problems.
Good luck and please keep me posted.
Best regards, Frank Indiviglio.