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Research News – After Feeding, Snakes Remodel their Gut and Produce New Cells

[…]the “cold-blooded” rule when digesting their meals.  While most snakes must seek out a hot basking spot in order to maximize digestion, Burmese Pythons can actually raise their internal temperatures without an external heat source!  Further Reading Please see Big Snake Meals for some examples of how large (and unusual) snake […]
Read more » Research News – After Feeding, Snakes Remodel their Gut and Produce New Cells

Breeding the Rosy Boa

[…]are more easily accommodated than most related species.  Temperatures of 78-85F, with a warmer basking spot and, if possible, a nighttime dip to 70-72F, suit them well. Breeding is most likely if the pair is maintained at 52-54 F for 6-8 weeks, but normal changes in home temperatures may be […]

Newt Toxins: Personal Observations and Interesting Facts – Part II

[…]career!).  Years later, a co-worker reported a similar incident involving a Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii). Interesting Means of Toxin Introduction Several salamanders have quite unique ways of distributing their protective secretions – fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra), for example, can squirt theirs for some distance.  Perhaps strangest of all, […]
Read more » Newt Toxins: Personal Observations and Interesting Facts – Part II

Pet Lizards: Large, Small, and Colorful Insectivores

[…]in bare enclosures.   UVB exposure is essential, and a temperature gradient of 72-85 F, with a basking site of 90-95 F, should be established.  A diet comprised of as many insect species as possible must be supplied; crickets and mealworms alone are not adequate.   Sudan Plated Lizard, Gerrhosaurus (Broadleysaurus) […]
Read more » Pet Lizards: Large, Small, and Colorful Insectivores

Salmonella Prevention – Guidelines for Reptile and Amphibian Owners

[…]Salmonella and Micobacteria: Aqua Gloves Softshell Turtle in ginseng shop By E8976-Namdaemun-Turtles-sold-in-ginseng-shop.jpg: Vmenkov derivative work: Vmenkov (E8976-Namdaemun-Turtles-sold-in-ginseng-shop.jpg) [CC-BY-SA-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0 (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia […]
Read more » Salmonella Prevention – Guidelines for Reptile and Amphibian Owners

The 5 Best Holiday Gifts for Reptiles, Amphibians and Their Owners

[…]to hide. I wedge pieces between aquarium glass to create convenient, smooth resting sites for turtles, newts and frogs. By positioning the bark just below the water’s surface you can also provide the submerged sites favored by musk and other aquatic turtles and many amphibians. I could go on, and […]
Read more » The 5 Best Holiday Gifts for Reptiles, Amphibians and Their Owners

Breeding the Green Basilisk and Related Species – Part 2

[…]are also favored. Young Green Basilisks should be maintained at 80 F, and have access to a basking site of 85-90 F.  Sexual maturity is usually reached by age 18 months, but males may begin to do battle at the tender age of 6 months, and so should be segregated […]
Read more » Breeding the Green Basilisk and Related Species – Part 2

A Snake Breeder’s Delight – the African House Snake

[…]feet, and both sexes are slender in build. Captive Breeding An ambient temperature of 78 F with a basking site of 85-90 F suits individuals from most populations.  While some breed more reliably when chilled to 60 F for 4 weeks or so, others reproduce when maintained at a stable […]
Read more » A Snake Breeder’s Delight – the African House Snake

Boa Constrictors and their Relatives – Natural History and Captive Care

[…]to observe your pet’s nocturnal activities.  Under-tank heaters should be used to create a warm basking surface for Sand and Rubber Boas (these heaters do little to warm air, however). Provide your snake with the largest home possible, so that a thermal gradient (areas of different temperatures) can be established.  […]
Read more » Boa Constrictors and their Relatives – Natural History and Captive Care

Has Anyone Observed This?….. Madagascar and Standing’s Day Geckos (Phelsuma madagascariensis grandis, P. m. madagascariensis, P. standingi) maintain excellent health and reproduce without a UVB source

It is well known that many species of lizard, turtle and crocodilian require ultraviolet light of a specific wavelength (290-310 nanometers) in order to synthesize Vitamin D3.  This vitamin, in turn, allows the reptiles to make use of the calcium in their diets.  Such reptiles (which generally bask in the […]
Read more » Has Anyone Observed This?….. Madagascar and Standing’s Day Geckos (Phelsuma madagascariensis grandis, P. m. madagascariensis, P. standingi) maintain excellent health and reproduce without a UVB source

The Muggar or Marsh Crocodile – Encounters in Captivity and the Wild – Part 1

[…]in captivity. Video of a wild Marsh Crocodile, Sloth Bears and other creatures.   Marsh Crocodile Basking image referenced from wikipedia and originally posted by Karunakar […]
Read more » The Muggar or Marsh Crocodile – Encounters in Captivity and the Wild – Part 1

Leopard Gecko or Bearded Dragon? Choosing the Best Pet Lizard

[…]gallon (larger is preferable) Bearded Dragon: 30 gallon Temperature Leopard Gecko: 72-85 F, with a basking site of 88 F Bearded Dragon: 75-88 F, with a basking site of 95-110 F Lizard Diet Leopard Geckos are carnivorous. Young Bearded Dragons feed largely upon insects, adding plants to the diet as […]
Read more » Leopard Gecko or Bearded Dragon? Choosing the Best Pet Lizard

Keeping Frogs and Toads as Pets – Creating a Terrarium and Best Amphibian Care Products

[…]by a lack of “decorations”. An aquarium half-filled with water and provisioned with a turtle basking platform and a submersible filter will suit Fire-Bellied Toads, American Green Frogs and other semi-aquatic species. African Clawed Frogs, Dwarf Clawed Frogs and Surinam Toads do not need a land area, but do best […]
Read more » Keeping Frogs and Toads as Pets – Creating a Terrarium and Best Amphibian Care Products

The Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) on the Venezuelan Llanos – Notes from the Field

[…]reason that an iguana might choose to run or fight rather than swim – a huge green anaconda basking at the surface. Today we can see ample evidence of the green iguanas’ adaptability right here in the USA – feral animals live in areas ranging from beaches to suburban gardens […]
Read more » The Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) on the Venezuelan Llanos – Notes from the Field

The 10 Best Ways to Prepare for a Career in Herpetology – Part 1

It is said that people who make careers of their passions never work a day in their lives…those of us who have turned our hobbies into livelihoods are indeed fortunate.  The following ideas have helped me along the way – I hope they are of some use to you. Speak […]
Read more » The 10 Best Ways to Prepare for a Career in Herpetology – Part 1

The Western Hognose Snake – a Toad Specialist That Can do without Toads

[…]snakes and reptile eggs. In one study, they were found to be a major predator on Pacific pond turtle nests. Those I’ve kept have done very well on small mice and quail eggs. Other Interesting Facts This snake’s upturned snout (modified rostral scale) assists in digging for fossorial prey such […]
Read more » The Western Hognose Snake – a Toad Specialist That Can do without Toads

Cuban and Hispaniolan Green Anole Care: Keeping the “Other” Green Anoles

[…]radiation as well. Heat The ambient, or average, air temperature should range from 82-87 F, with a basking spot of 92-95 F.  Incandescent bulbs should be used to maintain these temperatures.  Temperatures can dip to the low 70’s after dark.  A ceramic heater or red/black reptile “night bulb” can be […]
Read more » Cuban and Hispaniolan Green Anole Care: Keeping the “Other” Green Anoles

Lizard Breeding Made Easy – The Live Bearing Swifts or Spiny Lizards – Part 1

[…]captives if kept properly.  Captive essentials for most include a larger than average enclosure, basking sites of 95-100 F, abundant UVA and UVB, and a diet comprised of a wide variety of invertebrates.  Please write in for information on the care of individual species. Courtship and Breeding When in breeding […]
Read more » Lizard Breeding Made Easy – The Live Bearing Swifts or Spiny Lizards – Part 1

My Animal Collection: How a Herpetologist Keeps American Toads and Related Species, Part III

[…]other native treefrogs and land snails. Assuming that space permits the establishment of a warm basking area (without over-heating the toads), you can also house a number of small reptiles with American toads. I have had kept them with 5-lined skinks, Italian wall lizards, green anoles, DeKay’s (brown) snakes, ring-necked […]
Read more » My Animal Collection: How a Herpetologist Keeps American Toads and Related Species, Part III

The Chuckwalla – a Hardy, Personable Candidate for the Desert Terrarium – Part 2

[…]Tortoise Pellets into the salad as well. A Unique Defense Chuckwallas spend a good deal of time basking on rocks to achieve their preferred body temperature of 100 F. They rarely forage far from a rock pile, into which they retreat when threatened.  Once secure within a crevice, the Chuckwalla […]
Read more » The Chuckwalla – a Hardy, Personable Candidate for the Desert Terrarium – Part 2

Why Do My Crickets Keep Dying?

[…]almost anything. In the Reptile Room at our store we feed a special mixture of oatmeal, fish food, turtle food & dog food crumbs.   They need to drink: Crickets aren’t the smartest creatures, and if you put a dish of water in their enclosure they might drown. I prefer to use […]

Giant Day Gecko Care and Natural History

[…]these should be arranged both horizontally and vertically.   Be sure to establish plenty of basking sites near heat and UVB bulbs, as dominant individuals may exclude others from these important areas.   Substrate A mix of potting soil, cypress mulch and sphagnum moss is ideal.   Light Giant Day […]

Reptile and Amphibian Conservation in the USA – 2012 Update

[…]are the Ozark Hellbender, Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake, Boreal Toad and 20 freshwater turtle species. The CBD has also filed a 300 page report seeking some form of protection for 8 snakes, 24 salamanders, 3 toads, 4 frogs, 6 turtles and 10 lizards. Other Herp Success Stories Habitat Protection A review […]
Read more » Reptile and Amphibian Conservation in the USA – 2012 Update

Tortoise Observations – Feisty Terrier No Match for African Spurred (Spur –Thighed) Tortoise, Geochelone sulcata

[…]ways of North Africa’s massive Spurred Tortoise are well known to private and professional turtle keepers.  Inquisitive and alert, these arid country natives are quick to become possessive of their territories and, sometimes, owners.  They adjust rapidly to changes in their environments – two 80 pounders that I kept in […]
Read more » Tortoise Observations – Feisty Terrier No Match for African Spurred (Spur –Thighed) Tortoise, Geochelone sulcata

Breeding the Green (Plumed) Basilisk and Related Species – Part 1

[…]other nutritional problems. A powerful UVB-emitting bulb is essential.  If possible, arrange the basking site to be within 6-12 inches of the bulb. Males are intensely territorial…even in huge terrariums, it is usually impossible to keep 2 males together.  One male may be housed with 2-3 females. The Nest Site […]
Read more » Breeding the Green (Plumed) Basilisk and Related Species – Part 1

Venomous Snakes: Care and Habits of the Cottonmouth or Water Moccasin

[…]practice” in some places…not much of a challenge, given their size and immobility when basking, I imagine!   Longevity Zoo specimens have reached at least age 24; several under my care were in their late teens, and still full of spunk. Longevity in the wild has not been well-documented, as […]
Read more » Venomous Snakes: Care and Habits of the Cottonmouth or Water Moccasin

Chameleons as Pets – an Overview of their Natural History and Captive Care

[…]breeding. Interestingly, Panther Chameleons (Furcifer pardalis) have been shown to modify their basking behavior in response to the Vitamin D3 content of their food; please see this article for details. Heat Ideal air temperatures vary widely among the different species, with many preferring cooler temperatures than might be expected.  An […]
Read more » Chameleons as Pets – an Overview of their Natural History and Captive Care

The Corn Snake and its Relatives – Natural History and Captive Care

[…]as all snakes are escape artists. Stout, well-anchored branches or rock ledges can be added as basking sites. A hide box should always be available, as even long-term pets will be stressed if forced to remain in the open. Substrate Newspapers or washable terrarium liners work well as substrates.  Douglas […]
Read more » The Corn Snake and its Relatives – Natural History and Captive Care

The Green Anole – Important Supplies for Anoles and other Lizard Pets

[…]Peace Lilies and other sturdy house plants will be well-used by these little gymnasts. Basking sites should be plentiful, as dominant individuals will exclude others from these important areas.  Driftwood, Java Wood, vines and tree branches will all be used by anoles and other lizards. Substrate The substrate should be […]
Read more » The Green Anole – Important Supplies for Anoles and other Lizard Pets

Interesting Facts and the Care of the Senegal Chameleon

[…]well-hydrated via frequent spraying or the use of a mister.  An ambient temperature of 76F with a basking site of 85F and a nighttime dip to 69-70F suits them well. Breeding If you are lucky enough to obtain a breeding pair, you’ll have your hands full…healthy females may lay 20-70 […]
Read more » Interesting Facts and the Care of the Senegal Chameleon

Small Boa Constrictors as Pets – Island Races of the Common Boa

[…] The ambient temperature should range from 78-86 F.  Incandescent bulbs can be used to create a basking site of 90-95 F. Ceramic heaters or red/black reptile night bulbs  may be employed to provide heat after dark. If needed, under-tank heaters can be used to further warm the basking surface. Provide […]
Read more » Small Boa Constrictors as Pets – Island Races of the Common Boa

Hognose Snake: Breeding and Care for the Madagascar Giant

[…]fare best at a temperature range of 80-85 F. An incandescent bulb should be used to create a basking spot of 90 F.   Large enclosures are necessary if a thermal gradient (areas of different temperatures) is to be established. Thermal gradients, critical to good health, allow snakes to regulate […]
Read more » Hognose Snake: Breeding and Care for the Madagascar Giant

Substrates and Shelters for Animals Prone to Intestinal Blockages

[…]recall finding a wild anaconda with a mouth injury suffered while trying to swallow a side-necked turtle (Podocnemis vogli), another that had a white-tailed deer, antlers and all, stuck in its throat, and a 5’10” yellow rat snake that tried to down a deer fawn on St. Catherine’s Island, off […]
Read more » Substrates and Shelters for Animals Prone to Intestinal Blockages

My Bearded Dragon is Not Eating: What to Do

[…]its feeding, and will impair digestion. An incandescent spotlight bulb should be used to create a basking site of 100-110 F. The rest of the terrarium should be kept at a temperature range of 72-85 F.   Like all desert-dwelling diurnal lizards, Bearded Dragons require high UVB levels. If a […]

Feeding Captive Savannah Monitors (Varanus exanthematicus) and Black and White Tegus (Tupinambis merianae): Zoo Med’s Canned Tegu and Monitor Diet

[…]me to believe that, at least in llanos habitat, these lizards consume far more large insects, turtle eggs and frogs than rodents.  Mammals are taken when available, mainly as carrion or unearthed rodent nests. I have kept tegus for lengthy periods on rodent-based diets but now counsel more variety…I suggest […]
Read more » Feeding Captive Savannah Monitors (Varanus exanthematicus) and Black and White Tegus (Tupinambis merianae): Zoo Med’s Canned Tegu and Monitor Diet

The World’s Most Colorful Snake: 100 Flower Rat Snake Care

[…]early morning and evenings. An ambient temperature of 70-77 F should be established, along with a basking temperature of 78 F; a dip to 68 F at night may be beneficial.   Some keepers indicate that their snakes show a decided preference for subdued lighting.   Shedding difficulties often occur […]
Read more » The World’s Most Colorful Snake: 100 Flower Rat Snake Care

Reptile Lighting – Combo Units for UVB Lights, UVA, Heat and Night Bulbs

[…]most useful.  This lets us easily pair UVB and heat bulbs, assuring greater UVB exposure for basking reptiles.  The creation of thermal gradients is also simplified.  Thermal gradients, which allow animals to move from warm to cooler areas, are critical to good health. The Zoo Med Mini Combo Deep Dome […]
Read more » Reptile Lighting – Combo Units for UVB Lights, UVA, Heat and Night Bulbs

Chameleon Diets – The Best Foods for Pet Chameleons

[…]a surprising amount of vegetation in its diet.   Further Reading Collecting Insects Chameleon Basking Behavior Veiled Chameleon Care Dwarf Chameleon Care Chameleon in Madagascar image referenced from wikipedia and originally posted by Bernard Gagnon Tanzanian Chameleon image referenced from wikipedia and originally posted by Ales.Kocourek Ground Chameleon image referenced […]
Read more » Chameleon Diets – The Best Foods for Pet Chameleons

Wild Caught Invertebrates as Reptile and Amphibian Food: Pesticide Concerns – Part 1

[…]that I have kept on such diets have reproduced and even set or approached longevity records (musk turtle, still alive at age 40; marine toads, 20+ years; African clawed frog, 19 years; weather loach, 19 years). My experience is echoed by many of the prominent hobbyists and herpetologists with whom […]
Read more » Wild Caught Invertebrates as Reptile and Amphibian Food: Pesticide Concerns – Part 1

Preparing Your Amphibian and Reptile Collection for Autumn and Winter

[…]animals I’ve observed closely in this regard (i.e. Eastern Painted Turtles, Indian Gharials, Box Turtles) lose little if any weight even when temperatures remain high and the animals maintain near-normal activity.  Please see the article below (Bearded Dragon Brumation) for details. Fall is an ideal time to expose animals to […]
Read more » Preparing Your Amphibian and Reptile Collection for Autumn and Winter

Keeping the USA’s Longest Snake: Eastern Indigo Snakes as Pets

[…]and fare best in a temperature range of 70-78 F.  An incandescent bulb should be used to create a basking spot of 85 F. Large enclosures are necessary if a thermal gradient (areas of different temperatures) is to be established.  Thermal gradients, critical to good health, allow snakes to regulate […]
Read more » Keeping the USA’s Longest Snake: Eastern Indigo Snakes as Pets

The Season Has Changed, Should Your Reptile Bulbs?

[…]temperature requirements will be slightly different. For example, a rat snake only needs a basking temperature of about 85 degrees, where as a bearded dragon prefers to have one around 110 degrees.   Know the heat output of the bulb that you are currently using Most manufacturers post a chart […]
Read more » The Season Has Changed, Should Your Reptile Bulbs?

Keeping Snakes in Naturalistic Terrariums

[…]Staten Island Zoo – simple, easily cleaned enclosures that provide a secure retreat and basking site. Such became, and largely remains, the standard approach to snake-keeping in the USA. European zookeepers and hobbyists, by contrast, favor planted, naturalistic exhibits, and it was to these I gravitated. Although not nearly as […]

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Black (Eastern) Ratsnake, Elaphe (obsoleta) alleghaniensis

[…]may lead to respiratory and skin infections. If space permits, a stout branch for climbing and basking should be included. American hobbyists favor a fairly “sterile” set up for rat snakes, but in Europe they are commonly kept in large, planted exhibits. Black ratsnakes take well to these, and, while […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Black (Eastern) Ratsnake, Elaphe (obsoleta) alleghaniensis

The Best Pet Tortoise – Greek Tortoise and Golden Greek Tortoise Care

[…]a bulb designed for desert-dwelling reptiles (i.e. the Zoo Med 10.0 Bulb), and position the basking site within 6-12 inches of it.  Mercury vapor bulbs broadcast UVB over greater distances, and provide beneficial UVA radiation as well.  UVA, which may assist in promoting various natural behaviors, is also supplied by […]
Read more » The Best Pet Tortoise – Greek Tortoise and Golden Greek Tortoise Care

Breeding Brazilian, Columbian and other Rainbow Boas in Captivity

[…]the cool period, temperatures should gradually (over a 10 day period) be raised to 78-85 F, with a basking site of 92 F.  Females give birth 6-8 months after copulation, and produce an average of 10 young per litter (the range is 1 to 25).   Newborn Rainbow Boas are large […]
Read more » Breeding Brazilian, Columbian and other Rainbow Boas in Captivity

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Red-Tailed Ratsnake (Red-Tailed Racer), Gonyosoma oxycephalum, and Jansen’s Ratsnake (Sulawesi Ratsnake, Black-Tailed Ratsnake) – G. jansenii – Part 2

[…]bred after being subjected to a 3 month period at 70 F, during which time they had access to a basking site of 76 F.  Given their wide distribution in the wild, I suspect that these snakes are quite adaptable in this regard, or that populations vary in their breeding […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Red-Tailed Ratsnake (Red-Tailed Racer), Gonyosoma oxycephalum, and Jansen’s Ratsnake (Sulawesi Ratsnake, Black-Tailed Ratsnake) – G. jansenii – Part 2

Introducing the Fire Salamander, Salamandra salamandra: The Most “Personable” of All Amphibians?

  Those who keep reptiles, especially turtles and lizards, are often of the opinion that amphibians make rather unresponsive pets.  True, a number of frogs and toads “come to life” at feeding time, but by and large amphibians are somewhat more retiring than are most reptiles.  This is especially true […]
Read more » Introducing the Fire Salamander, Salamandra salamandra: The Most “Personable” of All Amphibians?

The Natural History and Captive Care of the Trans-Pecos Ratsnake – Part 2

[…]are not exposed to temperature extremes.  Provide a thermal gradient ranging from 74-85 F, with a basking site of 90 F. As these snakes are largely nocturnal, night-viewing bulbs can be used to both observe and warm them after dark; ceramic heaters and heat cables are also useful at night. […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of the Trans-Pecos Ratsnake – Part 2
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