One of the most common questions we get is “How much does it cost to set up a tank?” This is also one of the most difficult questions for us to answer because there are so many options! Every piece of equipment – filters, lighting, heaters and more – has different varieties, options and price levels. Some may be more efficient than others and some may be more cost-effective. We are always happy to go over the options available to you and what we would recommend for any tank you are trying to create.

To give you a general idea of tank costs, we’ve gone through some of our store display tanks to give you an idea of how much the tanks you see would cost. This is only intended as a general example of the costs for different types of tanks. Keep in mind, these are our display tanks so most of them feature the Best Of The Best products we would recommend and some of the newest options available. These tanks are typically going to be more expensive than the average tank a hobbyist may set up. If you are on a budget, we can show you some lower cost options similar to those shown here.

These lists were created in late October 2020 and the availability and prices of these items are subject to change at any time. These lists are for equipment only for most tanks and do not include any livestock (fish, inverts, plants, or live rock) or decorations.

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From our largest displays to our smallest:

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220-gallon African Cichlid Tank

This tank contains Lake Malawi African cichlids. It is a freshwater tank with rocks and substrate chosen to maintain a high pH and water hardness.

	TOTAL:	$4,248.45	$3,700.85
Item #	Product	Non-Loyalty Price	Loyalty Price
268336 x2	Precision Submersible Heater – 400W – Up to 125gal (2 used)	$96.78	$87.98
242340 x3	Marineland C-530 Canister Filter – Up to 150 gal. (3 used)	$659.97	$599.97
243990	Monterey Aquarium Stand – 72 in. x 24 in. – Black	$1,341.99	$1,219.99
211776*	180 Gallon Aquarium – Black – 72 in. x 24 in. x 24 in.	$747.99	$679.99
213319 x250lb	Loose Rocks (Sold by 10th-lb, 250 lbs used)	$975.00	$725.00
268729 x4	Florida Crushed Coral – 40 lb. (4 bags used)	$153.96	$139.96
253894	Maxi-Jet 1200 Water Pump (295/1300 GPH)	$28.59	$25.99
277396 x2**	Aqueon OptiBright+ LED Light Fixture – 18-24 in. (2 used)	$153.98	$139.98
211863	Marineland Perfecto Glass Canopy 72 in. x 24 in.	$90.19	$81.99
*The 220-gallon tank is no longer manufacturer. The 180-gallon has the same footprint and is the largest tank made by this supplier at this time.
**The lights currently on this tank have been discontinued. This is a comparable fixture.

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100-gallon Neptune Apex Reef Tank

This tank is designed as a high-end reef tank for SPS and LPS corals. It features the latest in automation and filtration with WIFI controls.This setup isn’t for the budget-conscious. The equipment on this tank is The Best Of The Best and the latest, most hi-tech to hit the market to date.

	TOTAL:	$8,381.70	$7,726.90
Item #	Product	Non-Loyalty Price	Loyalty Price
282686	Innovative Marine INT 100 Gallon	$1,430.00	$1,300.00
279255	Innovative Marine APS Stand for 80/100	$769.99	$699.99
278295	Innovative Marine Hydrofil Ti-Reservoir	$109.99	$99.99
278294	Innovative Marine Hydrofil Ti-Pump	$76.99	$69.99
278293	Innovative Marine Hydrofil Ti-Controller	$76.99	$69.99
281692	Innovative Marine Hydrofil Ti-Return Bracket	$25.29	$22.99
267978	Trigger Ruby 36 Sump	$384.99	$349.99
248866	Reef Octopus 200 Internal Protein Skimmer	$395.99	$359.99
275933	Ecotech Radion XR30 Pro LED	$923.99	$839.99
267881	Ecotech XR30 Tank Mount	$114.99	$103.99
268606	Ecotech MP40 Vortech	$403.99	$366.99
249321	Ecotech Battery Backup	$173.25	$173.25
280134	Neptune Apex System EB832	$839.99	$799.99
280146	Neptune Auto Feeder	$104.99	$99.99
280143	Neptune Wireless Expansion Module	$132.99	$124.99
280135	Neptune DOS/DRR Kit	$469.99	$449.99
280141	Neptune Flow Monitoring Kit	$209.99	$199.99
280136	Neptune Par Monitoring Kit	$314.99	$299.99
280139	Neptune Wave Pump	$192.99	$174.99
280142	Neptune Leak Detection Kit	$159.99	$149.99
281546	Neptune COR20 Return Pump	$359.99	$324.99
284268	Neptune Trident Water Analyzer	$659.95	$599.95
285114	Eshopps Bio-Lux Ceramic Media	$49.39	$44.89

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120-gallon Reef Tank

This long-established reef tank at the front of our store has mostly LPS and soft corals with fish and inverts.

	TOTAL:	$2,609.11	$2,371.90
Item #	Product	Non-Loyalty Price	Loyalty Price
211805	120 Gallon with 1 Corner-Flo – Black – 48 in. x 24 in. x 24	$549.99	$499.99
211814	Pine Majesty Stand – Black – 48 in. x 24 in.	$296.99	$269.99
268336	Marineland Precision Submersible Heater – 400W – Up to 125 gal.	$48.40	$43.99
286756 x2	Hydra 32HD Light Fixture – Black (2 used)	$807.38	$733.98
278399 x2	Aqua Illumination Single Arm Mounting Kit for Hydra 26/52 (2 used)	$169.38	$153.98
247676	Crystal 30 Sump – 30 in. x 12 in. x 15 in.	$296.99	$269.99
284342	EcoTech Marine – Vectra S2 Centrifugal Pump – 1,400 gph	$329.99	$299.99
198276*	Instant Ocean SeaClone Protein Skimmer 150 – up to 150 gal.	$109.99	$99.99
	Various plumbing parts
*Protein skimmer currently on this tank has been discontinued. This is a comparable piece.

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72-gallon Bowfront Planted Community

This freshwater tank has live plants and tropical community fish including barbs, rainbows, dwarf cichlids and other fish.

	TOTAL:	$1,235.23	$1,102.68
Item #	Product	Non-Loyalty Price	Loyalty Price
277936	Aqueon 72g Bowfront Aquarium	$280.49	$254.99
277937	Aqueon 72g Bowfront Cabinet Stand	$417.99	$379.99
281583	Aqueon Heater Pro Series V2 – 300W	$43.99	$39.99
282941 x2	Finnex 24/7 Planted + Color Changing LED Fixture – 48 in. (2 used)	$314.58	$285.98
279832	Aqueon Quietflow Canister Filter – 55 – 100 Gal	$148.49	$114.74
250660	Pico Evo-Mag Circulation Pump – 4W – 180 gph	$29.69	$26.99

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60-gallon Cube Planted Tank

This freshwater tank is heavily planted to feature the plants with some community schooling fish, shrimp and inverts.

	TOTAL:	$1,537.35	$1,397.45
Item #	Product	Non-Loyalty Price	Loyalty Price
262396	Marineland 60 Gallon Cube Frameless Aquarium*	$274.99	$249.99
245164	Cube-Sized Aquarium Stand – 24 in. x 24 in. – Ventura – Black	$241.99	$219.99
249512	Jager Aquarium Heater – 200W – 15 in – 79-106 Gallons	$35.19	$31.99
203870 x4	Eco-Complete Planted Aquarium Substrate – 20 lb. (4 bags used)	$118.76	$107.96
287694	Radion XR15 Pro G5 LED Light Fixture	$461.99	$419.99
271436	Marineland Magniflow Canister Filter 360	$160.59	$145.99
205404 x2	Oceanvisions Background – Crystal Black – 23″ (2 used)	$10.98	$9.98
283251	Milwaukee Instruments Inc. – PH Controller	$131.99	$119.99
271415	UFO CO2 Diffuser	$12.19	$10.99
212406	Silicone Airline Tubing – 8 ft.	$3.99	$3.59
283253	Milwaukee Instruments Inc. – C02 Regulator	$84.69	$76.99
*Discontinued. A similar model is available with corner overflows (see 60-gallon Seahorse Cube).

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60-gallon Cube Seahorse Tank

This saltwater tank is the same style as the planted tank above but with a corner overflow connected to a sump filter under the tank. It contains soft corals and a group of Lined Seahorses (Hippocampus erectus).

	TOTAL:	$2,199.36	$2,000.06
Item #	Product	Non-Loyalty Price	Loyalty Price
262398	Marineland 60 Gal Cube Frameless Aquarium Corner Flo-in back	$439.99	$399.99
245164	Cube-Sized Aquarium Stand – 24 in. x 24 in. – Ventura – Black	$241.99	$219.99
281582	AqueonHeater Pro Series V2 – 200W	$41.79	$37.99
212355	Floating Thermometer – Economy	$3.69	$3.29
287695	EcoTech Marine Radion XR30 Pro G5 LED Light Fixture	$923.99	$839.99
256403	Ecotech Radion Hanging Kit	$52.79	$47.99
268975	Eshopps The Cube R-Nano Refugium	$284.99	$259.99
206397	Supreme Aqua-Mag 700 Water Pump with 10 ft. Cord	$93.49	$84.99
278293	IM AUQA – Hydrofill Ti – Controller	$76.99	$69.99
204181 x3	Flexible Tubing – Clear – 3/8 in. (Sold per foot, 3 feet used)	$4.47	$3.87
288543	Seapora Aquarium – 5.5 gal	$17.59	$15.99
265344	Aquatop Nano Water Pump – 7W – 118 gph	$17.59	$15.99
	Various plumbing parts

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32-gallon Reef BioCube

The BioCube system has integrated filtration built into the back of the tank. This BioCube is a reef tank featuring LPS and soft corals.

	TOTAL:	$703.96	$639.96
Item #	Product	Non-Loyalty Price	Loyalty Price
276561	BioCube LED Aquarium – 32 gallon	$428.99	$389.99
280207	Aquarium Stand for BioCube 29/32 – Black	$219.99	$199.99
268332	Marineland Precision Submersible Heater – 150W – Up to 40 gal.	$25.29	$22.99
250660	Pico Evo-Mag Circulation Pump – 4W – 180 gph	$29.69	$26.99

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25-gallon Frameless Cube Reef Tank

This reef tank is set up to feature an Eshopps Refugium and Sump but a more decorative stand is available and is priced here.

	TOTAL:	$1,140.74	$1,037.94
Item #	Product	Non-Loyalty Price	Loyalty Price
262311	Marineland 25 Cube Frameless Aquarium	$153.99	$139.99
245163*	Cube-Sized Aquarium Stand – 18 in. x 18 in. – Ventura – Black	$197.99	$179.99
268332	Marineland Precision Submersible Heater – 150W – Up to 40 gal.	$25.29	$22.99
268975	Eshopps The Cube R-Nano Refugium	$284.99	$259.99
206452	Supreme Aqua-Mag 500 Water Pump with 10 ft. Cord	$82.49	$74.99
279548	Eshopps X-160 Mid-Level Line Protein Skimmer – 100-225 gal	$395.99	$359.99
	Various plumbing parts
*This tank is not on a traditional stand in our store. This is a compatible stand for this tank.

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10-gallon GloFish Community

This GloFish kit contains the lighting and filtration needed for the popular GloFish that “glow” under blue actinic lighting. While on a counter in our Fish Room, stands are available for this basic 10-gallon size. This is a good beginner tank setup and similar kits are available without the GloFish options.

	TOTAL:	$196.87	$178.97
Item #	Product	Non-Loyalty Price	Loyalty Price
259867*	GloFish Aquarium Kit – 10 Gallon	$81.39	$73.99
268816	Tetra HT30 Submersible Heater – 100 Watts	$16.49	$14.99
212160**	Pine Wood Majesty Stand – Black – 20 in.	$98.99	$89.99
*includes filtration, lighting, tank.
**This tank is not on a stand in our store. This is an appropriate stand for this tank size.

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9-gallon Fluval Flex

This desktop aquarium is aquascaped into a bonsai garden setting wit freshwater shrimp, snails and gobies. The filtration and lighting are integrated into the tank.

	TOTAL:	$148.26	$134.76
Item #	Product	Non-Loyalty Price	Loyalty Price
260291	Fluval Spec V Aquarium Kit – 5 gal. – Black	$98.99	$89.99
268816	Tetra HT30 Submersible Heater – 100 Watts	$16.49	$14.99
268713	Estes Aqua Sand – White – 5 lb.	$5.29	$4.79
288182	Dragon Bonsai Tree – Small	$27.49	$24.99

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8.75-gallon Shrimp Tank

This tank from Aqueon is one of the most uniquely-shaped tanks available and has integrated filtration. While not on a stand in our store, it will fit onto a standard 20-inch-wide stand. The aquarium kit includes filtration, special shrimp substrate, and lgihting in addition to the tank itself.

	TOTAL:	$233.77	$212.47
Item #	Product	Non-Loyalty Price	Loyalty Price
282534*	Aqueon – LED Shrimp Aquarium Kit – 8.75 Gal	$109.99	$99.99
279878	Aqueon Submersible Glass Heater – 50W-Up to 20 Gal	$24.79	$22.49
212160**	Pine Wood Majesty Stand – Black – 20 in.	$98.99	$89.99
*includes filtration, substrate, lighting, tank.
**This tank is not on a stand in our store. This is an appropriate stand for this tank size.

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5-gallon Fluval Spec V Nano-reef

This Fluval Spec V tank is set up as a nano-reef – a challenging system for advanced reefkeepers – but the Spec V kit can be used for freshwater aquariums as well.

	TOTAL:	$217.77	$197.97
Item #	Product	Non-Loyalty Price	Loyalty Price
260291	Fluval Spec V Aquarium Kit – 5 gal. – Black	$98.99	$89.99
283274	Marine+ 24/7 SE Automated LED – 20 in	$85.79	$77.99
248234	Koralia Nano 240 – 240 gph – 3.5W	$32.99	$29.99

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Daunted by these costs? Don’t be!

As we mentioned, there are a lot of options that can be customized. Kits are also often available that can help you bundle the equipment you need to make it easier to purchase, especially for smaller sizes below around 55-gallons. You can start out higher end or start basic and upgrade as your skill level and interests grow!

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Hopefully, these aquarium setups will help give you an idea of the investment needed for a variety of types and sizes of aquariums. Many of the options for each tank can be swapped out depending on your needs and budget, and our associates are always available to assist you in making the best choices to make your vision a reality!

Choosing an Aquarium Filter. Where do we start? The modern aquarium hobby is full of a variety of options claiming to keep your aquarium cleaner easier, cheaper and more effectively than the next. Like any technology, weeding through what you need and don’t need can be a difficult task. Which is why the experts at That Fish Blog got together to create a complete guide on how to to choose the right aquarium filter for your tank and your situation.

 

Grading Scale

Below, we will go into the the types of aquarium filters and highlight some of the main points about each type.  We will grade each type on 6 factors independently.

Ease of Installation – Let’s face it – some filters can be a pain to install. Some of the more complex versions may require purchasing a drilled aquarium or a separate pump to sustain it.

Cost – Cost includes not only the price to purchase the filter, but the cost associated with installing it on your tank.

Upkeep – Some filters are basically set it and forget it – others require additional expense or maintenance along the way.

Space Requirements – Not everyone has room for a big filter in their setup. This category ranks not only how easy it is to fit under or on your aquarium, but also inside. I don’t know about you, but I don’t like to stare at aquarium equipment when I’m trying to check out my Tropheus

Biological Effectiveness – How well do these filters maintain effective biological filtration? Biological filtration is the most important aspect of aquarium filtration so this matters a great deal.

Chemical Effectiveness – Does the filter offer a level of chemical filtration – and how good is it?

Mechanical Effectiveness – Does the filter offer a level of mechanical filtration – and how good is it?

Noise – Noise can be a real concern for some aquarists and some filters are definitely louder than others.

 

 

Sponge Aquarium Filters

A sponge filter is one of the simplest aquarium filters available. They rate high for ease of installation, but are pretty limited in their effectiveness in all areas of aquarium filtration. They work with aquarium air pumps too – so you’ll have to purchase one of those. Most aquarists use them exclusively as add-on filtration or in small tanks like quarantine setups or transport tanks. They’re basically bacterial beds – their ability to filter mechanically and chemically is, for the most part, non-existent on most models.

Ease of Installation – Easy

Cost – Low

Upkeep – Low to Medium

Space Requirements – Low

Biological Effectiveness – Medium

Chemical Effectiveness – Low to Medium

Mechanical Effectiveness – Low to Medium

Noise – Medium

 

Undergravel Aquarium Filters

Undergravel Filters are a tried and true way of providing aquarium filtration to most size aquariums. They work by providing a gap between substrate and aquarium where beneficial bacteria can grow and thrive – providing consistent biological filtration to your tank. They are controversial however due to the risks associated with large scale biological breakdown underneath the plates. They also require the use of an aquarium air pump or powerhead to keep things flowing correctly and oxygen moving. They’re also pretty much a pain in the neck if you try to install them in an already-established aquarium due to the fact that you have to actually remove the gravel before installation. Given their limited filtration options, most aquarists tend to use them in conjunction with a power filter, canister filter or internal filter to supplement their biological filtration.

Ease of Installation – Easy

Cost – Low to Medium

Upkeep – Low to Medium

Space Requirements – Low

Biological Effectiveness – High

Chemical Effectiveness – Low to Medium

Mechanical Effectiveness – Low

Noise – Medium

 

Internal Aquarium Filters

Also called ‘In-Tank Filters’, these filters typically feature a motor to go along with fairly basic mechanical, biological and chemical filtration options. A favorite of tanks with low water levels and terrariums, these filters can be placed directly inside your tank and offer a higher level of 3-stage filtration than most of the options above. Aesthetically, they don’t blend in the way an Undergravel Filter does, but they still typically have a lower profile in your setup.

Ease of Installation – Easy

Cost – Low to Medium

Upkeep – Medium

Space Requirements – Medium

Biological Effectiveness – Medium

Chemical Effectiveness – Medium

Mechanical Effectiveness – Medium

Noise – Low to Medium

 

Power Filters

If there is a ‘traditional’ aquarium filter, the power filter would be it. Brands like Tetra’s Whisper, Marineland’s Penguin & Emperor, & Hagen’s Aquaclear have become household names in the aquarium industry due the ease, convenience and effectiveness of the power filter. A simple, magnetic impeller design combined with easy-to-replace filter cartridges make power filters a very effective for their price and simplicity. A simple hang-on-the-tank profile makes them easy to hide while still providing adequate 3-stage filtration for small to medium-size aquariums.

Ease of Installation – Easy

Cost – Low to Medium

Upkeep – Low to Medium

Space Requirements – Medium

Biological Effectiveness – Medium

Chemical Effectiveness – Medium

Mechanical Effectiveness – Medium to High

Noise – Low to Medium

 

Canister Filters

Canister Filters are great for providing a higher level of biological, chemical and mechanical filtration when compared to their power filter counterparts. Larger media areas and more stationary designs let you maintain larger bioloads and to maintain larger tanks in general. They’re also really easy to customize if you’d like to add additional filter media, while their specialized designs ensure a great water-to-media contact ratio so you maximize filter media effectiveness. However, what canister filters add in filtration capacity, they give back a bit in ease of installation, cost and space requirements. These big boys tend to cost a bit more and take up a bit more space under or behind your aquarium. They’re not always a walk in the part to install either.

Ease of Installation – Intermediate

Cost – Medium to High

Upkeep – Medium

Space Requirements – Medium

Biological Effectiveness – Medium

Chemical Effectiveness – Medium to High

Mechanical Effectiveness – High

Noise – Low

Wet/Dry Filters

Wet/Dry Filters are the pinnacle of aquarium filtration effectiveness. Most large scale aquariums employ some variation of wet/dry filtration in conjunction with an external sump system to maintain crystal clear, biologically sound environments in both fresh or saltwater. Their higher ratings for chemical and mechanical filtration are derived from the idea that, given that it’s a large, external sump, you can quickly and easily add large amounts of filtration pad or chemical media to facilitate your tank’s clean-up, but water contact is not ensured the way it is in a canister filter. But these filters are not for the timid. Large wet/dry sumps take up a lot of space. You also may need additional equipment or tank modifications to get yours to work correctly. Make no mistake, wet/dry filtration is the gold standard for biological aquarium filtration, but be prepared for a more complex installation, a higher starter cost, and greater space requirements than the other filters on this list.

Ease of Installation – Intermediate to Hard

Cost – High

Upkeep – Medium

Space Requirements – High

Biological Effectiveness – High

Chemical Effectiveness – Medium to High

Mechanical Effectiveness – Medium to High

Noise – Medium to High

So there you have it. Now that you’ve made it this far – we’ve thrown together our recommendations in a handy infographic as well. You may also check out our filter guides for information on specific types.  Good luck with your filter purchase and aquarium setup. As always, if you have any questions – please shoot us an email at marinebio@thatpetplace.com or give us a call at 1-888-THAT-PET.

The beauty of a thriving planted aquarium is undeniable; it is like an exotic slice of nature in your living room.  Many people shy away from advancing to a live planted aquarium because they think it is too difficult.  Some folks have tried, and failed, and decided that live plants are not for them.  Whatever the cause for not keeping live plants may be, the truth is that keeping live plants can be easy with a little guidance to help your chances of success.  There are a wide variety of easy to keep aquarium plants available, here are my top ten.  I have separated these into two groups, with smaller plants listed as foreground plants, which are also well suited for shorter aquariums.  The second group is for mid-ground and background plants, which will work well, planted behind foreground plants, and can be incorporated into taller aquariums.

 

Foreground Aquarium Plants

 

Java Moss (Vesicularia dubyana) is fairly undemanding. It can be left floating or attached to a surface like wood or rockwork (anchor in place with fishing line or another tie and remove the ties when plant has attached). It will form mats that provide hiding places for inverts and fish fry as well as a low foreground texture to the aquarium.   Java Moss will thrive in low light aquariums, and requires no special care.

 

 

Moss Balls (Chladophora aegogrophila) Moss Balls are a truly unique addition to planted aquariums. They are non-invasive structures that are actually made from algae shaped by wave action. Moss Balls are low maintenance, tolerating a wide range of water conditions and tolerant of minimal lighting (though they thrive better in moderate lighting). They may be left in their ball shape or split and attached to a surface like driftwood or rockwork (use fishing line or another anchor until attached, then remove the ties).

 

Anubias Nana (Anubias barteri ‘nana’)  There are several forms of Anubias Barteri, that have been developed for aquarium use, with Anubias Nana being the most common.  Anubias plants are characterized by their broad, thick, dark green leaves.  Anubias Nana is an extremely tough plant, which can be kept with fish that may eat other more delicate species.  This plant will thrive in low to medium light aquariums, and a wide range of water conditions.

 

Narrowleaf Chain Sword (Echinodorus tenellus)   Also known as Pygmy Chain Sword, this grasslike plant is one of the smallest of the sword family, and is an excellent choice as a foreground plant, or for small aquariums.  Narrowleaf Chain Sword is tolerant of a wide range of water conditions, but requires moderate to high lighting to maintain its small size.

 

 

Micro Sword – (Lilaeopsis brasiliensis) Micro Sword is another excellent foreground plant, and is a staple for aquatic gardeners of all levels.  This plant forms dense green mats, which resemble a green carpet across the bottom of the aquarium.  Tolerant of a wide range of water conditions, this plant is a fast grower, but requires strong lighting to keep a short dense appearance.

 

 

 

Mid-ground and Background Aquarium Plants

 

Amazon Sword (Echinodorus bleheri) The Amazon Sword is one of the most iconic aquarium plants used in the hobby, and is probably what most people visualize when they think about aquarium plants.  These plants are tolerant of a wide range of water conditions, and can grow quite large.  These plants can also survive in low to medium light, but will thrive in medium to high light levels.  Be careful not to plant smaller species close to this plant, as it will overshadow smaller plants in a short amount of time.

 

Java Fern (Microsorum pteropus) Java Fern is a hardy plant that tolerates a wide range of conditions. They can tolerate lower lighting as well as the higher pH and hard water of cichlid aquariums and aquariums with higher lighting. They even may be used in brackish water aquariums with low salinity.  Java Fern can easily be attached to driftwood and rockwork, and can form a dense covering on these structures if allowed.  Mature plants can grow leaves up to a foot in length.

 

Cryptocoryne (Cryptocoryne wendtii) Cryptocoryne wendtii is one of the most popular of the Cryptocoryne plants, which are commonly called Crypts. They are adaptable to most aquarium conditions, although the conditions in which it lives will often affect its form. When grown in lower light, the plant will become taller and narrower.  Crypts grown in higher light will typically remain more compact with broader leaves. The color also varies greatly. Some of the most popular variations in the aquarium trade are green, red and bronze.

 

Anubias Congensis ( Anubias barteri ‘congensis’) Anubias Congensis is another form developed for aquariums from Anubias barteri plant.   Congensis has dark green, waxy, spear-shaped leaves which grow to an average height of about 15 inches.  Like most of the Anubias aquarium plants, this variation is adaptable to a wide range of aquarium conditions, and thrives in low to medium light levels.

 

 

Sagittaria (Sagittaria subulata) Subulata is a thin, grasslike plant. The leaves are green in coloration with some areas of reddish brown. A “dwarf” variant is often available as well as the “regular” Subulata but height is often dependent on lighting; the plants will grow taller in lower lighting but will stay more compact and spread laterally in higher lighting. Subulata will thrive in a wide range of water and light conditions, and may tolerate brackish water environments with very low salinity.

 

 

If you have ever considered trying a freshwater planted tank, but did not know where to start, give some of these plants a try.  Once you see how easy it can be, the sky is the limit, and you are on your way to becoming an aquatic gardener.

Until next blog,

Dave

The first two installations of our DIY blog series – “Adding a Personal Touch to You Aquarium Decor” and “Aquarium Decoration Ideas – Fish Bowl Designs & DIY” – seem to have gotten your creative juices flowing so we’re back with another entry. The most frequent questions we’ve gotten since then have been about the materials that you are looking to put into your aquarium so we’re going to break down some of the most popular materials that you’ve all asked us about. Remember, these are just some basic guidelines and you may need to test the piece you’re trying to use.

 

Adhesives

• 

  Choosing the right glue or adhesive for your purpose can make or break a project.

  Cyanoacrylate Glue (“Reef Glue”, “Krazy Glue”, “Super Glue”) – These glues are some of the most common, especially among aquarists and reef hobbyists. They are effective with many different types of materials and are very strong, particularly when bonding plastic materials. They work well with reattaching coral frags that may have dislodged or fixing ornaments and they cure quickly. Most of them tend to turn milky-white if they are put into the water while the glue is still wet but they are otherwise safe for lots of applications.

•  Silicone Sealant – Silicone sealants are usually used to fix the seams of an aquarium but they can also be used in assembling ornaments and pieces within the aquarium. It is usually available in black or “clear” (usually more milky blue-white, in my experience) and can be thicker that cyanoacrylate glue, but it is durable and more flexible once cured. Be sure to read the directions to make it easier to use and cure it fully before using it in your aquarium.
• Epoxy – Epoxy is a two-part adhesive that needs to be mixed together to activate. Underwater epoxies usually look like a putty with an outer coating over a contrasting center and are commonly found in white or a coralline-algae-colored purple. These epoxies are more cement-like than other adhesives and are good for creating rockwork formations but not as effective for surfaces that need a thinner, more transparent adhesive. Avoid using epoxies that aren’t designed for underwater use or with toxic materials, especially before the epoxy has fully cured.
• Hot Glue Guns – Hot glue guns are arts-and-crafts staples but are also surprisingly effective in aquariums, most especially in freshwater tanks. For quick fixes like re-attaching an artificial plant that may have become detached from a base, they are the easiest to use and are non-toxic and ready to use soon after applying. Make sure the pieces are completely dry and clean and avoid using this glue in higher-temperature tanks.
• Water-soluble glues – For obvious reasons, never use water-soluble glues like white craft glue in aquariums. They will never cure and will affect the water quality.

 

Paint

• Clear-coats – Clear-coat paints and “sealers” were some of the most popular materials in the questions we’ve received. We’ve received many questions on what kind of clear sealers an aquarists can use to cover an unsafe material and make it suitable for use in a tank. There are clear spraypaints and other paints that can be used to coat an ornament or other piece but none of these can guarantee safety. The smallest crack or opening in clearcoat can allow water in and to the surface underneath. Once the water has started to get in, it will continue to soak in and get below the clearcoat. None of these clearcoats can prevent metal from corroding or minerals from dissolving. If something isn’t safe for your tank to begin with, a clearcoat isn’t going to make it safe. Clearcoats are available in enamel or acrylic just like the paints we’ll discuss next…
• Enamel – In my opinion, enamel paints are some of the most durable for underwater use once they are cured. Small jars can be found in many different colors in craft and hobby stores with the model-building supplies. Even most nail polishes are enamel; we’ve used nail polish to create numbered frag plugs in our retail store for years. Clear nail polish can be used for quick touchups as well. Enamel spray paints are good for quick coverage for ornaments or for backgrounds on the outside of tanks. For any form of enamel paint, make sure it is fully dried and cured before using it in your tank; “dry to the touch” does not necessarily mean it is cured. If the directions on the paint say to allow it to cure for several days, follow those instructions.
•  Acrylic – Acrylic paint is a water-soluble paint but can be fairly water-resistant once it is cured. These paints have some mixed results among hobbyists. I prefer to keep acrylic out of the tank itself; acrylic spraypaints can be effective backgrounds on the tank but may not hold up as well in the tank and constantly underwater. The most popular of the “acrylic” paints for use in aquariums is Krylon Fusion paints. These paints are usually described as “acrylic alkyd enamels” and they share characteristics of enamels and acrylics. Many aquarists use these paints with good results, especially over plastics, but they are less effective on glass surfaces where many aquarists see the paint peeling or flaking off.

 

Decorations

Aquarium decorations are where you can really let your creative juices start flowing! From fishing lures and hockey pucks to Eiffel Towers and zombies, we’ve gotten lots of questions about new pieces you all have been considering for your aquariums. While I obviously cant cover every single object here, here are a few of the most common materials we’ve been seeing you consider and how suitable (or otherwise) they may be for your aquarium.

• Metal – Avoid it. Sure, you can try covering it up to protect it from the water, but as we’ve discussed, any small moisture seeping to the metal can start affecting your tank. At best, it will likely have some surface corrosion. At worst, it can leach very harmful chemicals into your water and even conduct electricity. To be safe, look elsewhere for a decoration if the object you are considering is made from or has any pieces of any type of metal.
  

  Coral skeletons may be fine in some tanks but can affect the water quality in others.

•  Natural/organic material – Use caution. This is a definite grey area. Some materials may be safe for some types of systems but others will decompose or severely affect the water quality by changing the pH or hardness. Also, where you are getting these things from can have a serious impact. Avoid using anything that you may have scavenged from nature (the beach, the forest, etc) since anything that the piece has come into contact with will go into your tank, including possibly harmful chemicals like pesticides. As a rule of thumb, it is also best to avoid putting anything natural into a very different environment than where it came from. For example, adding marine shells or corals to a freshwater tank isn’t safe and wood from the forest won’t usually hold up underwater.
•  Rocks/Minerals – This depending entirely on what rock or mineral you are considering. Some are safe, others will affect the water quality. You can try keeping the piece you are considering in a container of your tankwater for at least a few days and monitor the water chemistry to make sure everything is remaining stable. Most rocks that affect water quality contain calcium carbonate which will dissolve at a low pH, causing the hardness to rise and pH to then increase. These rocks are usually from the ocean in origin. If you suspect this, you can try sprinkling a few drops of vinegar on your rock. If it has calcium carbonate, you’ll see it start to fizz up and dissolve. You would NOT want to addthis rock to a freshwater tank where the pH will be below around 8.0.
•  Glass – Plain glass is fine in an aquarium. Colored glass is usually safe too, as long as it is the glass itself that is colored. The risky part comes with glass that is painted or glazed. When constantly submerged, this coloring can start coming off or be very easy to scrape off and may be harmful to the livestock at that point. Most clear-coats like we discussed above don’t bond very well with glass and may not be enough to make the piece safe for the tank. Use caution with any colored pieces and test, test, test before adding it to a tank with livestock! Most plain, clear glass is safe though and can you can make some very interesting betta bowls from fun vases and glass containers found at craft stores!

•  Dishware and Pottery (mugs, plates, bowls, etc) – These pieces are usually safe. As a general rule of thumb, if the mog/bowl/plate/etc is dishwasher-safe, it is probably aquarium-safe. A mug with a company logo can make a great aquarium decoration in your lobby, and simple plates and bowls can make good ledges and caves (especially in a pinch). If the piece ever actually has been in a dishwasher or in dish soap, make sure it is well-rinsed and clean of any soap or food residue before adding it to an aquarium. The same rules go for pottery as well. Some unglazed pottery like terracotta pots can be safe in an aquarium and make for good breeding caves, but if they’ve housed a plant at any time, they could have absorbed fertilizers or other chemicals. If this is the case, it would be best to use a clean, new pot than repurposing one. Some decorative glazes may also not be durable enough to handle aquarium conditions. When in doubt, leave it out!
•  Plastic and Rubber – In general, safe!! Plain colored plastics are inert and can make excellent decorations! Toys like Lego building blocks can be great, customizable centerpieces to a tank but only use
  

  Dishware like mugs can be excellent personal touches for most aquariums, and a good way to get your company’s logo in the tank!

  pieces free from decals and decorations that may soften and break up underwater. The same goes for hard rubber. The hockey fan in me is dying to set up a tank with a hockey puck pyramid and hockey puck archways…but again, just use plain pieces without decals or decorations.

•  Polyresin – A number of questions that we received about possible ornaments were for figurines made from polyresin. Polyresin is, in itself, inert and safe for most tanks. The paint and embellishment used on it may not be. You can experiment with water identical to your tank conditions or try contacting the manufacturer of the piece to see if they can give you some more information. But, once again, when in doubt, leave it out!
•  Stickers or decals – When decorating your tank, don’t be afraid to use all of the surfaces available to you! Throughout these decoartion ideas, I’ve said to avoid using anything with decals or decorations and this is true….underwater. Don’t be afraid to use vinyl cutouts, stickers, window clings or other stick-ons on the outside of the tank. You can add dimension to the decor by using the front, background or sides for images that you can’t get on the pieces inside the tank.

 
I hope this helps you clear up some DIY confusion and gives you some more ideas of pieces that you can (and can’t) use to decorate your aquarium. If you’ve come up with your own creative DIY aquarium ornament, we’d love to see it!

Several week ago, we posted about a new cichlid display tank in our retail store Fish Room. Not far from that tank, we have another new display tank with a very different look and theme. This tank was designed and set up by myself and former Fish Room supervisor and biologist, Sara Stevens. We were inspired by the style of the world-famous Takashi Amano, an aquarist who popularized mind-blowing freshwater tanks designed to resemble terrestrial forest and landscapes. These tanks have a higher focus on the aquascaping and livestock is chosen as a compliment rather than the focus of the tank.

 

 

 

 

 

The Display Tank Concept and Design

While our tank doesn’t completely follow the true Amano style, we still wanted to focus on taking the aquarium out of the underwater setting and give it more of a land-based feel. We love the look of the petrified wood available at our retail store and decided to use this rock as our centerpiece. The petrified wood has a color and texture a lot like that found in canyons so we made use of perspective and the space available in the 60-gallon cube tank to create a large cliff face in the back and a smaller rockmount in the front, which meet in the back corner, giving us a “river” diagonally down the center of the tank. To create even more of a “river” appearance, we lined this canyon with pond liner to separate the fine white sand representing the river itself from the black Eco-Complete plant substrate in the rest of the tank. Sara did a great job of arranging the rockwork to add the illusion of depth as the river flows from the back to the front. Instead of a traditional underwater aquarium background, we used a desert background that turned out to be an excellent complement to our theme!

 

 

 

Live Plants

The live plants in the aquarium were all chosen to represent the forest surrounding our canyon and the plants growing down the riverbed. In any planted tank like this, the aquascaping will take time to grow in and become established. We wanted an almost overgrown look with the plants over time so we chose plants that would grow and spread. Plants were chosen that can grow and root into the cracks of the petrified wood and I plan to also establish low, carpeting plants in the foreground of the tank. The bunched plants in the background were chosen with a gradient in leaf size and color for a transitional, ombre look.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Live Fish and Inverts

The fish and invertebrates in the tank were some of the last additions we settled on. While Amano’s tanks use a lot of small, schooling fish like Neon Tetras (if any fish at all), we wanted to use some of the more overlooked fish in our Fish Room to show how gorgeous they can be when established in the right tank. The stars of this tank are several pairs of Forktail Rainbows. Their body shape and swimming style makes them the hawks circling high above our river canyon and the color they’ve developed is a great complement to the rockwork and plants. We added a school of Glowlight Tetras for some additional color and movement as well as a few pairs of a gorgeous freshwater goby known only by its scientific name, Stiphodon percnopterygionus (who we’ve taken to calling these little guys “Pterodactyl Gobies” because that scientific name is a mouthful, even for us!). Most recently, we’ve also added a few Marbled Hatchetfish for some extra surface movement and a True Siamese Algae Eater and freshwater Nerite Snails to help with cleanup.

 

 

 

Visit our Retail Store to see this tank morph and grow!

 

In a tank like this one, pre-planning is important. We had a concept drawn out before we started and made some adaptations to it as we went along (the original design had a sand volcano erupting in the back and spilling sand down a rockface) but all of the adaptations were made while keeping the overall look, theme and the future appearance of the tank in mind. Since the plants will take time to get to the look we had in mind while starting the tank, this kind of design and aquascaping isn’t one for an aquarist wanting a finished product right away. But, with a little planning, patience and imagination, you can end up with a gorgeously original display far from the average aquarium. Visit our Lancaster, PA retail store to see how this landscape grows or to create your own!

 

Tank Specifications:

 

• Equipment and Hardware:
  

  Male Stiphodon percnopterygionus. Photo from SeriouslyFishy.com, © Leo Chan

  • Marineland 60-gallon Frameless Cube tank
  • Marineland Monterey 24 x 24 black stand
  • Marineland C-360 Canister Filter
  • Marineland 200 Watt Visi-Therm Heater
  • EcoTech Radion XR15W light fixture
  • Milwaukee MW122 pH/CO2 Controller with Aquatic Life Regulator with Solenoid Valve
  • Tzong Yang Aquarium Company 3-in-1 Diffuser Plate (coming soon to TFP)
  • Eco Complete Planted Aquarium Substrate
  • Natural White Sand Freshwater Aquarium Substrate
  • Petrified Wood
• Livestock:
  • Forktail Rainbowfish (Pseudomugil furcatus), male and female
  • Glowlight Tetras (Hemigrammus erythrozonus)
  • Stiphodon percnopterygionus, male and female
  • True Siamese Algae Eater (Crossocheilus siamensis)
  • Marbled Hatchetfish (Carnegiella strigata)
  • (Freshwater) Nerite Snails
  • Anubias nana
  • Java Moss (Vesicularia dubyana)
  • Rotala indica
  • Red Cabomba (Cabomba furcata)
  • Green Myrio (Myriophyllum scabratum)
  • Dwarf Subulata (Sagittaria subulata)

 

 

Source:

Stiphodon percnopterygionus photo found on SeriouslyFishy.com species profile, © Leo Chan