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Rosy Boa and Sand Boa Captive Care and Natural History

[…]Three subspecies are known. Many are blue-gray and attractively marked with 3 stripes of pinkish-orange or reddish brown, but natural variations are seemingly endless.  Several individuals that I encountered while studying insects in Baja California, Mexico stand out as being among the most beautiful snakes I’ve seen.  A number of […]
Read more » Rosy Boa and Sand Boa Captive Care and Natural History

Tokay Gecko Care, Feeding and Terrarium Design

[…]Some years ago a pet store in Manhattan began renting them to customers as a form of “natural” roach control.  However, their habit of vocalizing in the wee hours of the morning doomed the scheme to failure. Nocturnal and highly arboreal, Tokay Geckos are stoutly built.  Males may reach 12-14 […]
Read more » Tokay Gecko Care, Feeding and Terrarium Design

A Nearly Perfect Reptile and Amphibian Food: Rearing and Using Earthworms

[…]Vitamins E and A, for many vertebrate species. A Valuable Food for Many Pets I have raised spotted and red salamanders and green, bronze and leopard frogs from metamorphosis through adulthood on an earthworm-only diet, and use them for 50-75% of the diets of many other amphibians.  Although refused by […]
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The Painted Turtle – Notes on Captive Care and Natural History

[…]in other countries certainly hold it in high esteem.  Unlike most turtles, the brilliant red, orange and yellow highlights do not fade with age – some of mine even appeared to intensify as time when on! I consider the Painted Turtle a much better choice as a pet than the […]
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Albino and Leucistic American Bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana (Lithobates catesbeianus): a Request for Your Input

[…]creatures that might need a bit of help exiting the water.  I’ve also used this model for a spotted turtle that lost his rear legs in an accident…the gentle slope allows him to easily climb on board. In most situations, I prefer suspended platforms to rock piles, as the former […]
Read more » Albino and Leucistic American Bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana (Lithobates catesbeianus): a Request for Your Input

Breeding Brazilian, Columbian and other Rainbow Boas in Captivity

[…]much of Central and South America (Panama to Northern Argentina). Black rings on a rich red-orange background mark the most highly desirable of these, the Brazilian Rainbow Boa (E. c. cenchria).  The somewhat duller but still attractive Columbian Rainbow Boa (E. c. maurus) is more commonly available.  Both of these […]
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Introducing the Fire Salamander, Salamandra salamandra: The Most “Personable” of All Amphibians?

[…]eagerly anticipate regular feeding times.  Typically colored jet-black and mottled with bright orange or yellow, one subspecies, Salamandra salamandra fastuosa is largely bright yellow with bold black lines going down the body, legs, and tail (please see photo). The many fire salamanders I have kept would, without exception, leave their […]
Read more » Introducing the Fire Salamander, Salamandra salamandra: The Most “Personable” of All Amphibians?

Reptiles and Amphibians in Outdoor Pens or Ponds: Preparing for Winter

[…]had success in overwintering some aquatic species outdoors (i.e. Sliders, Snappers, Musk, Mud, Spotted and Painted Turtles, Green and Bullfrogs, Northern Watersnakes) but my best results were in large outdoor zoo exhibits rather than backyard ponds.   In both my pens and natural situations, I was several times surprised to […]
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Recent Field Research – Reptile and Amphibian Feeding Observations

[…]murinus, in Venezuela.  Other notable Anaconda meals include a Red-Footed Tortoise and a Yellow-Spotted Side-Necked Turtle (please see article below for details and other observations).  However, when viewed in terms of predator vs. prey mass, the Hog-nosed Snake meals mentioned above are the largest I know of. Aquatic Surprises Most […]
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The Natural History and Captive Care of Newts – Part 1

[…]natural history and husbandry, and in part 2 I’ll cover individual species such as Eastern Red-Spotted, Fire-Bellied and California Newts. Newt or Salamander? The terms Newt and Salamander are used interchangeably, with Newt usually being applied to semi-aquatic animals within the family Salamandridae.  The 79+ species in this family dwell in the […]
Read more » The Natural History and Captive Care of Newts – Part 1

Frog Diets: Supplement Raises Poison Frog Egg Output & Tadpole Survival

[…]Function and Sources Various plant pigments known as carotenoids are responsible for the yellow-orange color of egg yolks and skin among a huge array of animals. They also play a role in neonatal health, benefit the immune system by acting as antioxidants and function in the reproductive system. Animals cannot […]
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Keeping and Breeding Blue Tongue/Blue-tongued Skinks – Part 1

[…]and T. scincoides) are well established in the trade and relatively hardy (captive longevity approaches 30 years) in captivity.  Inquisitive, handle-able and with easily met dietary requirements (live insects not needed!), Blue Tongues are becoming ever more popular among lizard fanciers. Which Skink is Which? Blue Tongue Skink taxonomy is […]
Read more » Keeping and Breeding Blue Tongue/Blue-tongued Skinks – Part 1

Choosing the Ideal Substrate for Reptiles, Amphibians and Invertebrates – Part 2

[…]but please see the note at the beginning of this article. Sands of gold, black, white, mauve, orange and other colors allow one to mimic specific habitats when setting up terrariums.     Further Reading Please see my article Substrates for Animals Prone to Intestinal Blockages for more on this […]
Read more » Choosing the Ideal Substrate for Reptiles, Amphibians and Invertebrates – Part 2

Caring for Reptiles and Amphibians: Useful Products from the Aquarium Trade – Using Frozen and other Foods for Turtles, Aquatic Salamanders and Tadpoles – Part 1

[…]red-headed side-necked turtles, midland painted turtles, axolotls, tiger salamander larvae, red-spotted newts, sharp-ribbed newts, African clawed frogs and many others…with fine results in each case.  I heartily recommend that you include krill as part of the diets of your aquatic reptile and amphibian pets. Frozen Foods for Large and Small […]
Read more » Caring for Reptiles and Amphibians: Useful Products from the Aquarium Trade – Using Frozen and other Foods for Turtles, Aquatic Salamanders and Tadpoles – Part 1

Tales of Giant Centipedes – Bat-Stalkers, Escapees and Words of Caution – Part 2

[…]and other hefty prey items, but captives fare well on a diet comprised of earthworms, crickets, roaches and other invertebrates.    In properly-designed displays under night-simulating lighting, centipedes are fascinating to observe, but they are not well-suited to private collections (please see below). Centipedes in the Pet Trade I do […]
Read more » Tales of Giant Centipedes – Bat-Stalkers, Escapees and Words of Caution – Part 2

Paradise and Ornate Flying Snakes – New Research and Notes on Captive Care

[…]exhibiting rich and complicated patterns and hues of blue, green, black and, in some, red and orange. Captive Care Flying Snakes are rear-fanged and produce mild venom.  The venom affects only the animals upon which they feed, and is not considered dangerous to people, but care should be exercised by […]
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Monitor Lizards as Pets: Dumeril Monitor Care and Natural History

[…]sports a “typical” monitor build and averages 3-4 feet in length, with some individuals approaching 5 feet. Hatchlings and very young individuals are brilliantly clad in black and orange. Adults are attractively-marked in various shades of brown and tan. Extremely sharp claws (even by monitor standards!) assist it in climbing. […]
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The Natural History of the Red-Tailed Ratsnake

[…]are common in Java, and yellow specimens are known from Thailand and the Philippines.  Orange and yellow/black speckled strains are being selectively-bred in the pet trade. Red-tailed ratsnakes average 5 feet in length, with rare individuals reaching 7.5 feet.  Females are generally longer and stouter than males. Range Red-tailed ratsnakes […]
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Choosing the Ideal Substrate for Reptiles, Amphibians and Invertebrates – Part 1

[…]the likelihood of ingestion. Moisture Retention: in some instances, such as where Poison Frogs or Spotted Salamanders are being kept, we will want a substrate that retains water and remains moist.  At the other extreme, reptiles adapted to arid habitats, such as Leopard Tortoises and Horned Lizards, are usually susceptible […]
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The Natural History and Captive Care of the Brazilian Rainbow Boa

[…]5 feet in length, with exceptional individuals nearing 7 feet.  They vary in color from red to orange/mahogany-brown, and are patterned with dark lateral rings and spots.  In sunlight, the colors are brilliantly iridescent. Range   The most commonly available subspecies, E. c. cenchria, is found from southern Venezuela, Guyana […]
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Endangered Species Notes: Missing Frogs Found, Others Feared Extinct

[…]Simpsons TV show, the Monty Burns Toad had been hidden away in Columbia. Another surprise, a neon-orange Dart Poison Frog found in Panama, measures only 12.7 mm in length – the smallest among a huge array of tiny relatives. My favorites are the 14 species of Dancing Frogs recently found […]
Read more » Endangered Species Notes: Missing Frogs Found, Others Feared Extinct

Houseflies and Maggots as Food for Reptiles, Amphibians and Invertebrates

[…]and was soon happily involved in fly-farming (I fed them moist dog biscuits, evaporated milk and orange juice, instead of the less-agreeable foods they preferred!). Food and Exercise in One Houseflies can be a vital source of dietary variety for smaller herps that need soft bodied prey.  They are especially […]
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Round Island Boa Reintroduction – Back in Wild after a 150-Year Absence

[…]1975 and is presumed extinct. The Round Island Boa is oviparous, and changes in color from bright orange to grayish-brown as it matures.  There are some indications that females remain with their eggs for a time.  Unique scalation lends the alternative common name of Keel-scaled Boa.  Juveniles and some adults […]
Read more » Round Island Boa Reintroduction – Back in Wild after a 150-Year Absence

Chameleon Care Tips from a Herpetologist – Panther Chameleons as Pets

[…]Some can change to pure yellow or burnt-orange, and the eye turrets may flash green, orange, red and other colors. Range The eastern and northwestern coasts of Madagascar; Reunion and other nearby islands. Habitat In contrast to most chameleons, Panthers thrive in a variety of habitats, with some populations dwelling […]
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The Best Filters for Red-Eared Sliders and other Aquatic Turtles

[…]should be used, so be sure to research these topics before making your selection.  For example, Spotted Turtles will be stressed by fast currents, Soft-shelled Turtles will kick sand about and dislodge intake tubes, the carapaces of Pig-Nosed Turtles are prone to bacterial attack in highly-oxygenated waters, and so on.  […]
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Crickets and Carotenoids – Study Examines Cricket Nutrient Levels

[…]than other species. Like the other popular crickets, it breeds year-round when kept warm. The Two-Spotted or Mediterranean Field Cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, resembles G. veletis and some other American Field Crickets, but is larger and “meatier” (please see photo). However, it is equipped with powerful mandibles, so caution is warranted. […]
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Butterworms as Reptile-Amphibian Food: Nutritional Content and Care

[…]on par with that of crickets, phoenix worms and waxworms, and below that provided by silkworms and roaches. Fat content stands at 5.21%, which is less than (considerably so, in many cases) that of all other commonly-used feeders.   Please Note: The nutritional needs of reptiles and amphibians vary by […]
Read more » Butterworms as Reptile-Amphibian Food: Nutritional Content and Care

Day Gecko Care – Terrarium Set Up and the Best Supplies

[…]have climbing opportunities.  “High-style” aquariums make fine homes.  A pair or trio of Spotted, Yellow-Throated or other small species can be kept in a 15-20 gallon aquarium.  A 30-55 gallon tank will accommodate the same number of Standing’s, Madagascar or Giant Day Geckos.  Always opt for the largest terrarium possible. […]
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New Species of 2014: Fantastic Reptiles, Amphibians and Pterosaurs

[…]relative was something of a surprise.   Geminis’ Poison Frog is clad in “screaming” orange-red, similar to the related species pictured here, but without the areas of black coloration. It is known only from Panama’s Rio Belan Basin, where it seems limited to elevated sand ridges within rainforests. This unique […]
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Amphibian Medicine – Cold “Resurrects” Hellbender and Sick Frogs

[…]On Long Island, NY, Eastern Tiger Salamanders may migrate to breeding ponds in February, and Spotted and Alpine Salamanders will cross snow for the same purpose.  Wood Frogs occur within the Arctic Circle, and I’ve found Gray Tree Frogs hibernating beneath a mere 2” of leaf litter in NYC.  Several […]
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Giant Snapping Turtles – Size Records from a Survey of 84,000 Turtles

[…]in the incidental capture of rare and endangered species such as Wood, Bog, Blanding’s and Spotted Turtles. In the mid 1990’s, I spearheaded a project that sought to document mercury levels in Florida Soft-shell Turtles offered for sale in NYC food markets.  Dangerous levels were found, but red tape and […]
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Aggression in Male Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) and Nesting Behavior in Females: the Effects of Hormonal Changes and the Breeding Season

[…]changing their behavior. Males in breeding condition may exhibit a deepening of coloration in the orange-tinted areas of the head and body, and may head-bob and erect their crests.  Waxy secretions are usually present along the femoral pores, and dried semen is often found in their cages.  However, these changes […]
Read more » Aggression in Male Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) and Nesting Behavior in Females: the Effects of Hormonal Changes and the Breeding Season

Emerald Tree Boas in the Wild – Applying Natural History to Pet Care

[…]offers camouflage among flowering bushes and sunlit foliage.  The juvenile coloration of reddish orange or various shades of brown becomes green-flecked by age 4 months.  Highly arboreal, Emerald Tree Boas rarely descend to the ground. Diet Emerald Tree Boas are nocturnal ambush predators, relying upon sight and sensory pits (labial […]
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Pet Toads: Best Choices for Kids or First Time Pet Owners

[…]by zoos and hobbyists alike. Some of my favorite US natives include the Narrow-Mouthed, Red-Spotted, Spadefoot, Sonoran Green and Marine Toads.   Handling Toads learn very quickly where their meals lie, and will soon greet you as you approach their terrarium. They will even clamber up onto your hand to […]
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Geckos in the Terrarium – Feeding Day Geckos

[…]The information can be applied to most species, including Standing’s, Gold Dust, Giant, Spotted, Lined and Peacock Day Geckos.  However, details will vary.  Please post below for information on individual species. Natural History Madagascar is the center of Day Gecko diversity, but several species inhabit the Andaman, Comoros, and Round […]
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The Monitor Lizards (Family Varanidae) – Family Overview and Species Accounts; – Some Interesting Monitors and Their Care – Part II

[…]have a quite high metabolism, and does best when fed small meals every 3-4 days. Blue Tree or Blue-Spotted Tree Monitor, Varanus macraei This strikingly colored lizard only appeared in zoos in the late 1990’s, and was not named as a distinct species until 2001. Never-the-less, beauty and small size […]
Read more » The Monitor Lizards (Family Varanidae) – Family Overview and Species Accounts; – Some Interesting Monitors and Their Care – Part II

Rainbow Snake Care: Keeping a Colorful but Difficult Aquatic Snake

[…]me in my tracks. Vivid red and yellow stripes line the blue-black body, while the underside is orange to red in color.   Smooth, glossy scales add to the brilliance of these colors. The tail’s terminal scale is hard and somewhat sharp, leading some to mistakenly believe that the Rainbow Snake […]
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Choosing the Best Turtle Filters: 10 Vital Points

[…]that require mere seconds to maintain, such as the Tetra Whisper In-Tank Filter.   Current Spotted, Bog and other turtles adapted to slow-moving water bodies cannot abide strong currents in their aquarium; the same is true for hatchlings of nearly all species. An overly-powerful filter outflow can even be a […]
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Rosy Boa or Colombian Red-Tailed Boa? Choosing the Best Snake Pet

[…]longevity for a Rosy Boa is 29+ years (living at time of publication), and many captives approach and exceed age 20.   Breeding Potential Both species breed reliably, and make an excellent introduction to this fascinating aspect of reptile-keeping. I especially like the fact that they bear live young, doing […]
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Snake Hunting with Romulus Whitaker – Learning from the Master

[…]a dry spell in mid-July, was the discovery of Dusky, Red-Backed and Slimy Salamanders, and Eastern Spotted Newts. A number of interesting spiders rounded out the day. (Note: all animals were released). Wonderful Encounters, Near and Far I’m rarely superstitious, but I believe that the man was truly charmed! It […]
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Reptile and Amphibian Conservation in the USA – 2012 Update

[…]see above).  Among these are many unique endemics, including the Arizona Treefrog, Colorado Spotted Frog, Black Warrior Mudpuppy and Austin Blind Salamander. Please see this article for further information. Tiger Salamander larvae are still used (live!) as fishing bait in some states. In addition to decimating populations, the bait trade has […]
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The Natural History and Captive Care of the Green and Black Poison Frog

[…]surface is brilliant green on a black background, and the stomach is mottled with yellow, blue or orange.  There are, however, at least 25 different color phases, with background colors ranging from nearly white to blue-green.  Pattern varies greatly as well, and may be in the form of wide or […]
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Indian Sand Boa Care: Keeping the World’s Largest Sand Boa

[…]4 months. Due to their large size (nearly 1/3 that of the mother) and unique coloration (orange with black rings) newborn Indian Sand Boas command high prices.   Unlike the young of other sand boas, they are large enough to take pinkies, and rarely “demand” lizards as food.   Temperament […]
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Small Pet Turtles: Black-Breasted Leaf Turtle Care

[…]each marginal scute (scale) is pointed and flared upwards. The carapace ranges from dark to rich orange-brown in coloration, and the plastron is black with a yellow border. Adults top out at a mere 4-5 inches in length.   Leaf Turtle Natural History The Black-Breasted Leaf Turtle ranges from southern […]
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New Reptile and Amphibian Species in 2013

[…]of the male is marked with brilliant yellow or white blotches, and the throat is bright reddish-orange or golden in color. The tiny, aptly-named Thimble Frog, Allobates amissibilis, is found only on central Guyana’s Wokrama Mountains.  Planned tourist facilities may threaten its future survival. Urban Lizards California’s legless lizard diversity […]

The Corn Snake and its Relatives – Natural History and Captive Care

[…]where they range from southern New Jersey to Florida and Texas.  Background colors may be red, orange, yellow or gray, and most are marked with red, brown or gray blotches.  Hybridization with related species and subspecies occurs where ranges overlap. Corn Snakes frequent forest edges, overgrown fields and farms, and […]
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Frog Reproduction Made Simple – Breeding Fire-Bellied Toads

[…]for instructions on creating a simple rain chamber. Yellow-Bellied Toads sometimes exhibit an orange or red stomach; such individuals are difficult to distinguish from European Fire-Bellied Toads.  Check the fingers on the front limbs – those of the European Fire Belly have tiny webs; the Yellow-Bellied Toad’s fingers are not […]
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North America’s Colorful, Venomous Lizard – The Gila Monster, Heloderma suspectum

[…]bead-like in appearance.  The body is marked in widely varying patterns of pink, black yellow and orange blotches.   The blunt tail serves as a food-storage vessel – during lean times it may lose 20% or more of its mass.  Adult size ranges from 9 to 24 inches. Range Two subspecies, […]
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The Natural History and Taxonomy of the Blue Poison Frog, Dendrobates azureus (tinctorius)

[…]cannot convey the over-all effect of the startling mix of colors. The body and head are sky-blue spotted with black, while the arms and legs are a brilliant dark blue. Males have wider front foot toe pads than do females, and are a bit thinner in build. Otherwise, the sexes […]
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2012’s New Reptile and Amphibian Species – Snakes, Frogs and Lizards, Which is Your Favorite?

[…]look, however, herpetologists realized that the colorful creature was an undescribed species. The Orange-Flanked Rainbow Skink, C. rubigo, was first collected in the arid scrub and open woodlands of eastern-central Queensland. The Whitsunday Rainbow Skink, C. inconnera, is limited in range to 4 small offshore islands. Formerly considered to be […]
Read more » 2012’s New Reptile and Amphibian Species – Snakes, Frogs and Lizards, Which is Your Favorite?
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