That Fish Blog – Aquarium Advice and Information

We use plastic every day; there is no getting around it. From the cars we drive to the food we eat, plastic materials dominate our lives. Plastics have simplified our lives so much over the past century it would be virtually impossible to reduce our use. The problem with plastics is the inability to biodegrade. Plastics break down over time, but only into smaller pieces. Read More »

For those of you who weren’t able to attend this year’s TFP/NCPARS Winter Frag Event, you missed a great time! Over a 6 hour period on that frigid Saturday (Jan. 30), our retail store was what can only be described as a reef geek’s dream. What spends most of the year as our pond fish and plant display room, became a sea of people, tables, and tanks. The event had over 400 attendees in the swap area, thousands of coral frags of all kinds, great deals from our manufacturers, and a whole lot of smiles. A big thanks and congratulations to everyone at NCPARS and the TFP staff who was involved organizing and working the event, even though it got a little crazy for a while, things went smoothly and we all had a great time. Read More »

Hello everyone! Craig here again. Within the hobby there are certain niches that develop for fish keeping. You have your African Cichlid aficionados like Jose, reef geeks like Cory, the discus fanatics, and many others.  Then you have those hobbyists that are into livebearers.  When I say livebearers, I am not just talking about Mickey Mouse Platies or Twinbar Swordtails, but also odd and wonderful livebearers known as Goodeids. Read More »

Hello, Frank Indiviglio here.  In terms of species diversity, fishes are the most successful of all vertebrates…with over 25,000 species identified so far, they outnumber mammals, reptiles, amphibians and birds combined.  Ranging in size from 2/5 of an inch to over 40 feet in length, one fish or another has colonized every aquatic habitat imaginable, from desert pools of 104 F in temperature to frigid Antarctic seas.  

In keeping with this remarkable diversity, fish reproductive methods are also extremely varied.  Today I’d like to convey some interesting facts concerning the breeding habits of both aquarium and non-pet trade species.

Placing the Young out of Harm’s Way

All American and European eels, whether inhabiting a bay in New Jersey or a pond in England, originated as eggs laid in the Sargasso Sea, off Bermuda.  Eels, salmon and many other fishes engage in massive breeding migrations, with millions of adults laying eggs simultaneously and then dying shortly thereafter. 

Most fishes lay eggs (up to 35 million per season in some cases), but a great many are live bearers that reproduce via internal fertilization.  Many merely scatter the eggs or fry and leave them to take their chances, while others take great precautions in preparing nests, guarding the eggs and caring for the young. 

Adult tilapia and many others protect their young by taking them into their capacious mouths at the slightest hint of danger, while male bullhead catfish accompany their offspring on feeding forays for several weeks (please note the photo of a brooding Cyphotilapia frontosa – youngsters can be seen within the parent’s mouth).  Perhaps most surprising of all, discus fish produce unique skin secretions that serve as food for their fry.

Switching Sexes and Sex Roles

Many fishes depart radically from what we’ve come to know as “typical” vertebrate reproduction.  Female seahorses, for example, deposit their eggs in the pouches of the males.  The males then act as “surrogate mothers” – regulating the salinity of the water in the pouch, brooding the eggs, and bringing forth the young. 

Wrasses, many species of which are kept by marine aquarists, begin life as females, with a number becoming males at a later point, a phenomenon known as protogyny. 

The ever-popular clownfishes utilize an equally unusual reproductive strategy, known as protandry.   All clownfishes fishes start out as males, and some later change their sex and wind up as females. 

Cloning (with a twist)

The Amazon Molly (Poecilia formosa) adds yet another variable to its reproductive strategy.  Named for the female-only Amazon Tribe of Greek Mythology (it ranges from southern Texas to northern Mexico, and is not found in the Amazon River), only females are known.  They must, however mate with a male to stimulate egg development – but there are no male Amazon Mollies. 

Female Amazon Mollies solve this dilemma by mating with males from one of several related species that share their habitat.  None of the “father’s” genetic material makes it into the young mollies however – these are all clones of their mother!

Well, we could go on for pages…I’ll add other interesting tidbits in the future.  Until then, please write in with your own odd facts and any questions you may have. 

Further Reading

To learn why inbreeding has not doomed the Amazon Molly to extinction, please see this article.

To read more about seahorse reproduction, please see my article The Care and Natural History of Native Seahorses.

Thanks, until next time,

Frank Indiviglio

Mouthbrood image referenced from wikipedia and originally posted by MidgleyDJ photo by Matthew Miller

Hey, it’s Eileen again! Last summer, I posted a blog on artificial reefs and their wide range of uses and designs, but an English artist is taking this concept to a whole new level!

Jason de Caires Taylor, an underwater naturalist and diving instructor with over 14 years experience underwater, has created magnificent underwater sculpture exhibits.  The exhibits are located in Grenada (Moilinere Bay) and the United Kingdom (Canterbury and Chepstow) with a sister exhibit on land in Crete, Greece. His exhibits highlight the underwater environment and its ability to change and adapt. Instead of scrubbing each bit of algae and growth from the artwork, it has become part of the exhibit.

As the underwater life reclaims each piece of Jason’s artwork, it helps illustrate his point on the resilience and adaptability of his exhibit. Most of his sculptures are of human figures, a truly haunting picture as the sealife starts to overtake them. His latest sculpture is incorporating a collection of glass bottles with messages submitted by the public and divided into categories like fear, hope, loss and belonging. Another project to be installed in Cancun incorporates propogated corals and over 400 individual sculptures.

Check out the gallery on the artist’s homepage and don’t forget these pictures the next time you are scrubbing the algae off your ornaments!